How to Write a Dissertation Admission Essay Sample

How to Write a Dissertation Admission Essay SampleIt is very easy to learn the steps to submit a dissertation essay sample and you should know how to do it so that you are approved in time. There are many people who can't write an essay. However, you can be one of them if you know how to prepare.First, make sure that your essay is well structured. You need to determine the number of pages, the format, the content and the length. Next, make sure that you are not copying any ideas from other works. You need to create your own content and structure so that your essay is unique.The dissertation admission essay sample that you use should have things that are unique. This means that you should be writing on your own terms and thus you need to be able to show your knowledge and expertise. Also, you need to be able to connect your ideas to existing facts and to present facts in an organized way.Now that you have your dissertation admission essay sample ready, you need to understand the numbe r of words that are to be used. There are different formats for various number of words so make sure that you are using the one that is right for you.Another thing that you should remember when you are preparing your dissertation admission essay sample is to keep a logical order to what you are going to write. By following the format you will be able to be approved quickly.Finally, before you go ahead and submit your dissertation admission essay sample, you need to have an understanding of how long it will take to be reviewed. You should know how long it will take for your application to be considered. This is very important because if you are approved in a very short time, it may be hard to get into the program.Make sure that your dissertation admission essay sample is well prepared so that you will be approved soon. Once you understand the steps to be followed, you will be sure to be approved quickly. You don't need to worry about whether or not you will be accepted to your progra m or not because there are many programs available.

The Sea People of Sulu

The Sea People of Sulu This paper will examine the lives of a small group of boat dwellers of the Philippine nation. These unusual people are found scattered abroad the insular Southeast Asia. The data for this book was collected over a twenty-four month period of field research among the Bajau, specifically with the Bajau of southern Sulu. There are only a few of these boat dwellers left within the Mergui Islands, Celebes and Sulu. This book covers, in-depth, the Tawi-Tawi Island group and the Sibutu Island group. The Sibutu Island group is found twenty miles southwest of Tawi-Tawi. These groups have been depicted as wanderers because of their movements over time. There will be some insight into this untrue notion. The Sibutu Island group has left their boats to build homes on land. These people still use boats for fishing but now prefer to live on land rather than the sea. This paper will attempt to go over these changes that the boat dwellers have faced and are facing that have made t! hem more partial to dwelling on land. This paper will also give some insight on the similarities and differences between the boat dwellers and the land dwellers. These similarities and differences include their way of life, modes of subsistence, social and political structure, roles of women, religion, kinship system and their relations with each other as well as the other moorages. There are five different moorages that are recognized by the Bajau. The Bajau represent four percent of the Tawi-Tawi population. The boat-dwelling Bajaus household consists of a nuclear family. If a nuclear family is broken a person is added to make up for the loss. This could entail the head of the household dying and another man comes into to take his place or it could be a family adopting a child to fill the gap. In a turnabout, if a family has to many children than they can afford to take care of or if th...

10 Anthologies About Writing

10 Anthologies About Writing 10 Anthologies About Writing 10 Anthologies About Writing By Mark Nichol It is quite possible to spend the rest of your life reading about how to write and never get around to actually writing especially with so many convenient collections of writers’ ruminations like the ones listed and described below. 1. Bad Girls: 26 Writers Misbehave Twenty-six authors share confessions about their transgressions in this collection. 2. Behind the Mystery: Top Mystery Writers Mystery writer Stuart Kaminsky’s conversations with friends and colleagues from old-school authors like Elmore Leonard and Mickey Spillane to more recent talents such as Sue Grafton and Tony Hillerman are distinguished from similar interviews by their informality. 3. The Creative Writing Coursebook: Forty Authors Share Advice and Exercises for Fiction and Poetry Beginning, intermediate, and expert writers alike will benefit from this assortment of advice and activities from a diverse array of published authors. 4. The Paris Review Interviews This four-volume set, also available in individual volumes, features interviews with a who’s who of twentieth-century literature by George Plimpton, longtime editor of the Paris Review. 5. The Resilient Writer: Tales of Rejection and Triumph by 23 Top Authors Arthur Golden, Bret Easton Ellis, Amy Tan, and a score of other successful writers share the agony of rejection and the ecstasy of acceptance. 6. Why We Write: 20 Acclaimed Authors on How and Why They Do What They Do Twenty top writers answer a set of ten questions about their motivations for writing and about the favorite and least favorite aspects of their work. 7. Writers on Writing: Collected Essays from The New York Times 8. Writers on Writing, Volume II: More Collected Essays from The New York Times In these two collections of essays originally published in the New York Times in its weekly â€Å"Writers on Writing† feature, some of the greatest writers of our age explore both the practical and the artistic aspects of what it means to be a writer. 9. Writers On Writing: A Bread Loaf Anthology Twenty-five poets, short story writers, and novelists offer a series of literary workshops in book form, sharing their thoughts about the writing process. 10. The Writing Life: Writers on How They Think and Work This collection of entries of â€Å"The Writing Life,† a Washington Post column, shares the thoughts of dozens of celebrated fiction and nonfiction writers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?The Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetEducational vs. Educative

Materiality in Auditing(Discuss these abstracts in the context of Essay

Materiality in Auditing(Discuss these abstracts in the context of academic research and recent developments in audit regulation and practice) - Essay Example 1647). These definitions point to its relevance today especially in the recent drive for transparency, ethics and responsibility in the auditing process, which will be explored, among other things, in relation to materiality in auditing. Audit pertains to a review of financial data by an independent third-party auditor. The outcome of the process involves his or her financial statements, including his or her opinion regarding the legitimacy of the data reviewed. Materiality becomes relevant in auditing when risk emerges. This risk usually stems from errors or omissions in financial reporting. The impact is based on the degree by which it affects the decision making of those who use the information from the financial statements. For instance, a small error or omission in a periodic procedure could lead to a cumulative risk that could greatly influence the financial information since there is the possibility that it occurs on periodic basis. The importance of materiality can be demonstrated in the process by which it is conducted (see Fig. 1). Ideally, all audit procedures should undergo materiality considerations from the very first stage. According to Bragg (2011), as early as the identification of the nature, timing and extent of the audit procedure, materiality should already be determined. Specifically, it should be undertaken in: 1) the design of audit procedures for mechanisms to detect misstatements; the pursuit of the elimination of audit risk; and, the assessment of the risk of material misstatement as the basis for the audit procedures (Bragg, pp.25). These variables underscore how materiality forms part of the foundation of sound audit procedures, one that is capable of addressing errors and risks. The defined object of audit underscores this as auditors are expected â€Å"to carry out procedures designed to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence†¦ [in order]

Emergence of Global Markets (BUS 250) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergence of Global Markets (BUS 250) - Essay Example Technological developments have been immense over the years in all sectors. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages. This essay aims at understanding the effects of technological developments. Technology can be a rather empowering at times but often can also be very frustrating. The computer related technology is becoming one a very important part of the society, and the usage of these technologies has increased a lot over the past few years. With the introduction of Internet there has been a great improvement in the overall lives of many. Internet has infiltrated almost every aspect of life, making it a necessity rather than a luxury. The internet has to a great extent provided a strong ability for globalization. As discussed, the technological developments have been immense over the years in all sectors. The technological developments over the past few years have been immense in almost every field. These developments have been clearly noted a transformation in the commun ication, transport and travel industries and has also led these industries towards a converging harmony. The technological development has been able to push and force attention to the isolated ‘Third World’ Societies into contact with the products of modernity and globalised products. As mentioned earlier, the access to higher and more advanced technology has led to the ability for the industrial activities to flow easily within the markets. It has also provided a chance to allow for better and more flow of finances across the industries. Also it allows for hampering the national government controls. This in simpler terms means that the companies are able to now take on a different approach. Instead of providing customized items, companies have now led to developing more standardized products to meet the global standards. The focus is to provide

Effects of Cartoons on Children :: Television Entertainment Papers

Effects of Cartoons on Children Introduction: Effects of Cartoons on Children Children have become much more interested in cartoons over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching cartoons on television at an early age of six months, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because too many children are watching too much television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. The marketing of cartoons has become overpowering in the United States and so has the subliminal messaging. The marketing is targeted toward the children to cause them to want to view the cartoons on a regular basis, but the subliminal messaging is for the adults’ to target them into enjoying the â€Å"cartoons†. This is unfortunate because children watch the cartoons on the television and they see material that is not appropriate for their age group. The Children who watch too much cartoons on televi sion are more likely to have mental and emotional problems, along with brain and eye injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increases. Mental and Psychological Effects of Children’s Cartoons Children have become much more interested in cartoons over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching cartoons on television at an early age of six months, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because too many children are watching too much television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. The marketing of cartoons has become overpowering in the United States and so has the subliminal messaging. The marketing is targeted toward the children to cause them to want to view the cartoons on a regular basis, but the subliminal messaging is for the adults’ to target them into enjoying the â€Å"cartoons†. This is unfortunate because children watch the cartoons on the television and they see material that is not appropriate for their age group. The Children who watch too much cartoons on television ar e more likely to have mental and emotional problems, along with brain and eye injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increases.

Labor Laws Essay

Short title, extent, commencement Definitions CHAPTER II – Apprentices and their Training 3. Qualifications for being engaged as an apprentice 3-A. Reservation of training places for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in designated trades. 4. Contract of apprenticeship 5. Novation of contract of apprenticeship 6. Period of apprenticeship training 7. Termination of apprenticeship contract 8. Number of apprentices for a designated trade 9. Practical and basic training of apprentices 10. Related instruction of apprentices 11. Obligations of employers 1. The Act came into force on March 1, 1962 vide GSR 246, dated Feb. 12,1962 2. Published in Gazette of India, Pt. II, S. 1, dated December 30,1964. 3. Published in Gazette of India, Pt. II, S. 1, dated May 24, 1968 and came into force on August 15,1968. 4. Act 27 of 1973 came into force w. e. f. December 1, 1974 vide GSR 1293, dated November 1974 5. Act 41 of 1986 came into force w. e. f. December 16,1987 vide GSR 974(E), dated December 10, 1987 6. Act 4 of 1997 came into force w. e. f. January 8, 1997. 12. Obligations of apprentices 13. Payment to apprentices 14. Health, safety and welfare of apprentices. 15. Hours of work, overtime, leave and holidays 16. Employer’s liability for compensation for injury 17. Conduct and discipline 18. Apprentices are trainees and not workers 19. Records and returns 20. Settlement of disputes 21. Holding of test and grant of certificate and conclusion of training 22. Offer and acceptance of employment CHAPTER III – AUTHORITIES 23. Authorities 24. Constitution of Councils 25. Vacancies not to invalidate acts and proceedings 26. Apprenticeship Advisers 27. Deputy and Assistant Apprenticeship 28. Apprenticeship Advisers to be public servants 29. Powers of entry, inspection, etc. 30. Offences and penalties 31. Penalty where not specific penalty is provided 32. Offences by companies 33. Cognizance of offences 34. Delegation of powers 35. Construction of references 36. Protection of action taken in good faith 37. Power to make rule 38 (Repealed) THE SCHEDULE An Act to provide for the regulation and control of training of apprentices and for 7 [* * *] matters connected therewith. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows: Prefatory Note – The Act was introduced in the form of a bill on August 19,1961. For Statement of Objects and Reasons, see Gazette of India, Extra. , Part II, Section 2, dated August 19,1961. ________________________________________ 7. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973. CHAPTER – I PRELIMINARY 1. Short title, extent, commencement and application – (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. This Act may be called the Apprentices Act, 1961. It extends to the whole of India. [* * *]8 It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint; and different dates may be appointed for different States. The provisions of this Act shall not apply to – (a) any area or to any industry in any area unless the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette specifies that area or industry as an area or industry to which the said provisions shall apply with effect from such date as may be mentioned in the notification: 9 (b) [ * * *] 10 (c) [any such special apprenticeship scheme for imparting training to apprentices as any be notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette]. Definition In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,11 [(a) â€Å"All  India Council† means the All India Council of Technical Education established by the resolution of the Government of India in the former Ministry of Education No. F. 16-10/44-E-III, dated the 30th November, 1945;)] 12 [(aa)]†apprentice† means a person who is undergoing apprenticeship training 13[* * *] in pursuance of a contract of apprenticeship; ____________________________________________ 8. Omitted by Act 25 of 1968. 9. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973. 10. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 11. The original clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) and a clause (a) inserted by Act 27 of 1973. 12. The original clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) and a clause (a) inserted by Act 27 of 1973. 13. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973 14 [(aaa)†apprenticeship training† means a course of training in any industry or establishment undergone in pursuance of a contract of apprenticeship and under prescribed terms and conditions which may be different for different categories of apprentices;] (b) â€Å"Apprenticeship Adviser† means the Central Apprenticeship Adviser appointed under sub-section (1) of Section 26 or the State. Apprenticeship Adviser appointed under sub-section (2) of that section; (c) â€Å"Apprenticeship Council† means the Central Apprenticeship Council or the State Apprenticeship Council established under sub-section (1) of Section 24; (d) â€Å"appropriate Government† means (1) in relation to (a) the Central Apprenticeship Council, or 15 [(aa) the Regional Boards, or (aaa) the practical training of graduate or technician apprentices or of technician (vocational) apprentices, or;] (b) any establishment of any railway, major port, mine or oilfield, or (c)  any establishment owned, controlled or managed by (i). The Central Government or a department of Central Government, (ii) a company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the share capital is held by the Central Government on partly by that Government and partly by one or more State Governments, (iii) a corporation (including a co-operative society) established by or under a Central Act which is owned, controlled or managed by the Central Government; (2) in relation to (a) a State Apprenticeship Council, or (b) any establishment other than an establishment specified in  sub-clause (1) of this clause, the State Government; 16 [(dd). â€Å"Board or State Council of Technical Education† means the Board or State Council of Technical Education established by the State Government;] (e) â€Å"designated trade† 17[means any trade or occupation or any subject field in engineering or technology [or any vocational course]18 which the Central Government, after consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify as a designated trade for the purposes of this Act; __________________________________________ 14. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 15. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973 and subs. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2(w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 16. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 17. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 18. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). (f) (g) (h) (i) 20 [(j) (k) (l) â€Å"employer† means any person who employs one or more other persons to do any work in an establishment for remuneration and includes any person entrusted with the supervision and control of employees in such establishment; â€Å"establishment† includes any place where any industry is carried on; 19[and where an establishment consists of different departments or have branches, whether situated in the same place or at different places, all such departments or branches shall be treated as part of the establishments]; â€Å"establishment in private sector† means an establishment which is not an establishment in public sector; â€Å"establishment in private sector† means an establishment which is not led or managed by (1) the Government or a department of the Government; (2) A Government company as defined in Section 617 of the  Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956); (3) a corporation (including a co-operative society) established by or under a Central, Provincial or State Act, which is owned, controlled or managed by the Government; (4) a local authority; â€Å"graduate or technician apprentice† means an apprentice who holds, or is undergoing training in order that he may hold a degree or diploma in engineering or technology or equivalent qualification granted by any institution recognised by the Government and undergoes apprenticeship training in any such subject field in engineering or technology as may be prescribed; â€Å"industry† means any industry or business in which any trade, occupation or subject field in engineering or technology [or any vocational course]21 may be specified as a designated trade;] â€Å"National Council† means the National Council for Training in Vocational Trades established by the resolution of the Government of India in the Ministry of Labour (Directorate General of Resettlement and Employment ) No. TR/E. P. – 24/56, dated the 21st August 1956 22[ and re-named as the National Council for Vocational Training by the resolution of the Government of India in the Ministry of Labour (Directorate  General of Employment and Training) No. DGET/12/21/80-TC, dated the 30th September, 1981;] _________________________________________ 19. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997 20. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 21. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 22. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) (m) 23 â€Å"prescribed† means prescribed by the rules made under this Act; [(mm)†Regional Board† means any board of Apprenticeship Training registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras or Kanpur;] (n) â€Å"State† includes a Union Territory; (o) â€Å"State Council† means a State Council for Training in Vocational Trades established by the State Government; (p) â€Å"State Government† in relation to a Union Territory, means the Administrator thereof; 24 [(pp) â€Å"Technician (vocational) apprentice† means an apprentice who holds or is undergoing training in order that he may hold a certificate in vocational course involving two years of study after the completion of the secondary stage of school education recognised by the All-India Council and undergoes apprenticeship training in such subject field in any vocational course as may be prescribed; ] 25 [(q) â€Å"trade apprentice† means an apprentice who undergoes apprenticeship training in any such trade or occupation as may be prescribed;] 26 [(r) â€Å"worker† means any persons who is employed for wages in any kind of work and who gets his wages directly from the employer but shall not include an apprentice referred to in clause(aa). ] ________________________________________ 23. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 24. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 25. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 26. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. CHAPTER – II APPRENTICES AND THEIR TRAINING 3. Qualifications for being engaged as an apprentice A person shall not be qualified for being engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in any designated trade, unless he(a) is not less than fourteen years of age, and (b) satisfies such standards of education and physical fitness as may be prescribed: Provided that different standards may be prescribed in relation to apprenticeship training in different designated trades 27[and for different categories of apprentices]. 28 [3-A. Reservation of training places for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in designated trades – (1). (2) in every designated trade, training places shall be reserved by the employer for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes 29[ and where there is more than one designated trade in an establishment, such training places shall be reserved also on the basis of the total number of apprentices in all the designated trades in such establishment ]. the number of training places to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed, having regard to the population of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned. Explanation- In this section, the expressions â€Å"Scheduled Castes† and â€Å"Scheduled Tribes† shall have the meanings as in clauses (24) and (25) of Article 366 of the Constitution]. 30 [4. Contract of apprenticeship (1) No person shall be engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in a designated trade unless such person or, if he is minor, his guardian has entered into a contract of apprenticeship with the employer. (2) The apprenticeship training shall be deemed to have commenced on the date on which the contract of apprenticeship has been entered into under sub-section (1). _________________________________________ 27. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 28. Ins. by Act 27 0f 1973. 29. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 30. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. (3) Every contract of apprenticeship may contain such terms and conditions as may be agreed to by the parties to the contract: Provided that no such term or condition shall be inconsistent with any provision of this Act or any rule made thereunder. (4) (5) (6) 5. Every contract of apprenticeship entered into under sub-section (1) shall be sent by the employer within such period as may be prescribed to the Apprenticeship Adviser for registration. The Apprenticeship Adviser shall not register a contract of apprenticeship unless he is satisfied that the person described as an apprentice in the contract is qualified under this Act for being engaged as an apprentice to  undergo apprenticeship training in the designated trade specified in the contract. Where the Central Government, after consulting the Central Apprenticeship Council, makes any rule varying the terms and conditions of apprenticeship training of any category of apprentices undergoing such training, then, the terms and conditions of every contract of apprenticeship relating to that category of apprentices and subsisting immediately before the making of such rule shall be deemed to have been modified accordingly. ] Novation of contracts of apprenticeship Where an employer with whom a contract of apprenticeship has been entered into, is for any reason unable to fulfil his obligations under the contract and with the approval of the Apprenticeship Adviser it is agreed between the employer, the apprentice or his guardian and any other employer that the apprentice shall be engaged as apprentice under the other employer for the un-expired portion of the period of apprenticeship training, the agreement, on registration with the Apprenticeship. Adviser, shall be deemed to be the contract of apprenticeship between the apprentice or his guardian and other employer, and on and from the date of such registration, the contract of apprenticeship with the first employer shall terminate and no obligation under the contract shall be enforceable at the instance of any party to the contract against the other party thereto. 6. Period of apprenticeship training – The period of apprenticeship training, which shall be specified in the contract of apprenticeship, shall be as follows(a) In the case of 31[trade apprentices] who, having undergone institutional training in a school or other institution recognised by the National Council, have passed the trade tests 32[or examinations] conducted by 33 [that Council or by an institution recognised by that Council], the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be determined by that Council; _______________________________________ 31. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 32. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 33. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 34. [(aa) in case of trade apprentices who, having undergone institutional training in a school or other institution affiliated to or recognised by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the official gazette specify in this behalf, have passed the trade tests 35[ or examinations] conducted by that Board or State Council or authority, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed;] (b) in the case of other 36[trade apprentices], the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed; 37 [(c) in the case of graduate or technician apprentices, [technician (vocational) apprentices]38 and the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed. ] 7. Termination of apprenticeship contract (1) The contract of apprenticeship shall terminate on the expiry of the period of apprenticeship training. (2) Either party to a contract of apprenticeship may make an application to the Apprenticeship Adviser for the termination of the contract, and when such application is made, shall send by post a copy thereto to the other party to the contract. (3) After considering the contents of the application and the objections, if any, filed by the other party, the Apprenticeship Adviser may, by order in writing, terminate the contract, if he is satisfied that the parties to the contract or any of them have or has failed to carry out the terms and conditions of the contract and it is desirable in the interests of the parties or any of them to terminate the same: 39. [(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, where a contract of apprenticeship has been terminated by the Apprenticeship Adviser before the expiry of the period of apprenticeship training and a new contract of apprenticeship is being entered into with a employer, the Apprenticeship Adviser may, if he satisfied that the contract of apprenticeship with the previous employer could not be completed because of any lapse on the part of the previous employer, permit the period of apprenticeship training already undergone by the apprentice with his previous employer to be included in the period of apprenticeship training to be undertaken with the new employer. ] ____________________________________________ 34. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 35. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 36. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 37. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 38. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986. 39. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. (a) (b) 8. Provided that where a contract is terminatedfor failure on the part of the employer to carry out the terms and conditions of the contract, the employer shall pay to the apprentice such compensation as may prescribed; for such failure on the part of the apprentice, the apprentice or his guardian shall refund to the employer as cost of training such amount as may be determined by the Apprenticeship Adviser. Number of apprentices for a designated trade 40 [(1) the Central Government shall, after consulting the Central Apprenticeship Council, by order notified in the Official Gazette, determine for each designated trade the ratio or trade apprentices to workers other than unskilled workers in that trade: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall be deemed to prevent any employer from engaging a number of trade apprentices in excess of the ratio determined under this sub-section. (2) 3) in determining the ratio under sub-section (1), the Central Government shall have regard to the facilities available for apprenticeship training under this Act in the designated trade concerned as well as to the facilities that may have to be made available by an employer for the training of graduate or technician apprentices [technician (vocational) apprentices]41, if any, in pursuance of any notice issued to him under sub-section (3-A) by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or such other person as is referred to in that sub-section. the Apprenticeship Adviser may, by notice in writing, require an employer to engage such number of trade apprentices within the ratio determined by the Central Government for any designated trade in his establishment, to undergo apprenticeship training in that trade and the employer shall comply with such requisition: Provided, that in making any requisition under this sub-section, the Apprenticeship Adviser shall have regard to the facilities actually available in the establishment concerned. _______________________________________________________ 40. 41. Sub-Sections (1), (2), (3) and (3-A), subs. by Act 27 of 1973 Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). 42 [Provided further that the Apprenticeship Adviser may, on  a representation made to him by an employer and keeping in view the more realistic employment potential, training facilities and other relevant factors, permit him to engage such a number of apprentices for a designated trade as is lesser than a number arrived at by the ratio for that trade, not being lesser than twenty per cent of the number so arrived at, subject to the condition that the employer shall engage apprentices in other trades in excess in number equivalent to such shortfall. ] (3-A) the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall, having regard to(i) the number of managerial persons (including technical and supervisory persons) employed in a designated trade; (ii) the number of management trainees engaged in the establishment; (iii) The totality of the training facilities available in a designated trade; and (iv)  such other factors as he may consider fit in the circumstances of the case, by notice in writing, require an employer to impart training to such number of graduate or technician apprentices [technician (vocational) apprentices]43, in such trade in his establishment as may be specified in such notice and the employer shall comply with such requisition. Explanation – In this sub-section the expression â€Å"management trainee† means a person who is engaged by an employer for undergoing a course of training in the establishment of the employer ( not being apprenticeship training under this Act) subject to the condition that on successful completion of such training, such person shall be employed by the employer on a regular basis. ] (4) Several employers may join together for the purpose of providing practical training to the apprentices under them by moving them between their respective establishments. (5) Where, having regard to the public interest, a number of apprentices in excess of the ratio determined by the Central Government 44[ or in excess of the number specified in a notice issued under sub-section (3-A)] should, in the opinion of the appropriate Government be trained, the appropriate Government may require employers to train the additional number of apprentices. (6) Every employer to whom such requisition as aforesaid is made, shall comply with the requisition if the Government concerned makes available such additional facilities and such additional financial assistance as are considered necessary by the Apprenticeship Adviser for the training of the additional number of apprentices. __________________________________________ 42. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. 43. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 44. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. (7) 9. Any employer not satisfied with the decision of the Apprenticeship Adviser under sub-section (6), may make a reference to the Central Apprenticeship Council and such reference shall be decided by a Committee thereof appointed by that Council for the purpose and the decision of that Committee shall be final. Practical and basic training of apprentices(1) Every employer shall make suitable arrangements in his workshop for imparting a course of practical training to every apprentice engaged by him in accordance with the programme approved by the Apprenticeship Adviser. 45. [(2) The Central Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the State Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf] shall be given all reasonable facilities for access to each such apprentice with a view to test his work and to ensure that the practical training is being imparted in accordance with the approved programme: Provided that 46[the State Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the State Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf] shall also be given such facilities in respect of apprentices undergoing training in establishments in relation to which the appropriate Government is the State Government. 47. [(3) Such of the trade apprentices as have got undergone institutional training in a school or other institution recognised by the National Council or any other institution affiliated to or recognised by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, shall, before admission in the workshop for practical training, undergo a course of basic training. ] (3) Where an employer employs in his establishment five hundred or more workers, the basic training shall be imparted to 48[the trade apprentices] either in separate parts of the workshop building or in a separate building which shall be set up by the employer himself, but the appropriate Government may grant loans to the employer on easy terms and repayable by easy installments to meet the cost of the land, construction and equipment for such separate building. __________________________________________ 45. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 46. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 47. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 48. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 49. [(4-A)Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4), if the number of apprentices to be trained at any time in any establishment in which five hundred or more workers are employed, is less than twelve the employer in relation to such establishment may depute all or any of such apprentices to any Basic Training Centre or Industrial Training Institute for basic training in any designated trade, in either case, run by the Government. (4-B). Where an employer deputes any apprentice under sub-section (4-A), such employer shall pay to the Government the expenses incurred by the Government on such training, at such rate as may be specified by the Central Government . ] (5) Where an employer employs in his establishment less than five hundred workers, the basic training shall be imparted to 50[the trade apprentices] in training institutes set by the Government. (6). In any such training institute, which shall be located within the premises of the most suitable establishment in the locality or at any other convenient place 51[ the trade apprentices]engaged by two or more employers may be imparted basic training. 52 (7) [In case of an apprentice other than a graduate or technician apprentice, [technician (vocational) apprentice]53 the syllabus of], and the equipment to be utilised for, practical training including basic training shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council. 54 (7-A) In case of graduate or technician apprentices [technician (vocational) apprentices]55 the programme of apprenticeship training and the  facilities required for such training in any subject field in engineering or technology [or vocational course]56 shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council. ] (8) (a) Recurring costs (including the cost of stipends) incurred by an employer in connection with 57[basic training]. 58, imparted to trade apprentices other than those referred to in clauses (a) and (aa) ] of Section 6 shall be borne(i) If such employer employs 59[two hundred and fifty] workers or more, by the employer; (ii) If such employer employs less than 60[two hundred and fifty] workers, by the employer and the Government in equal shares up to such limit as may be laid down by the Central Government and beyond that limit, by the employer alone; and _______________________________________ 49. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 50. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 51. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 52. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 53. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). 54. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 55. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 56. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 ( w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 57. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 58. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. 59. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. 60. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. (b) recurring costs (including the cost of stipends), if any, incurred by an employer in connection with 61[practical training, including basic training, imparted to trade apprentices referred to in clauses (a) and (aa)] of Section 6 shall, in every case, be borne by the employer. 62. [(c) recurring costs (excluding the cost of stipends) incurred by an employer in connection with the practical training imparted to graduate or technician apprentices [technician (vocational) apprentices]63 shall be borne by the employer and the cost of stipends shall be borne by the Central Government and the employer in equal shares up to such limit as may be laid down by the Central Government and beyond that limit, by the employer alone. ] 10. Related instruction of apprentices(1) 64 [A trade apprentice] who is undergoing practical training in an establishment shall, during the period of practical training, be given a course of related instruction ( which shall be appropriate to the trade) approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council, with a view to giving 65[the trade apprentice] such theoretical knowledge as he needs in order to become fully qualified as a skilled craftsman. (2) Related instruction shall be imparted at the cost of the appropriate Government but the employer shall, when so required, afford all facilities for imparting such instruction. (3) Any time spend by 66[a trade apprentice] in attending classes on related instruction shall be treated as part of his paid period of work. 67 [(4). In case of trade apprentices who, after having undergone a course of institutional training, have passed the trade tests conducted by the National Council or have passed the trade tests and examinations conducted by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, the related instruction may be given on such reduced or modified scale as may be prescribed. (5). Where any person has, during his course in technical institution, become a graduate or technician apprentice, 68[technician (vocational) apprentice] and during his apprenticeship training he has to receive related instruction, then, the employer shall release such person from practical training to receive the related instruction in such institution, for such period as may be specified by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or by any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf. ] _________________________________________ 61. Sub. by Act 27 of 1973. 62. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 63. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 ( w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 64. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 65. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 66. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 67. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 68. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). 11. Obligation of employers Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Act, every employer shall have the following obligations in relation to an apprentice, namely(a) to provide the apprentice with the training in his trade in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the rules made thereunder; (b)  if the employer is not himself qualified in the trade, to ensure that a person 69[who possesses the prescribed qualifications] is placed in charge of the training of the apprentice; [ * * *]70 71 [(bb) to provide adequate instructional staff, possessing such qualifications as may be prescribed, for imparting practical and theoretical training and facilities for trade test of apprentices; and ] (c) to carry out his obligations under the contract of apprenticeship. 12. Obligations of apprentices72 74 [(1) 73 [Every trade apprentice] undergoing apprenticeship training shall have the following obligations, namely:(a) to learn his trade conscientiously and diligently and endeavour to qualify himself as a skilled craftsman before the expiry of the period of training; (b)  to attend practical and instructional classes regularly; (c) to carry out all lawful orders of his employer and superiors in the establishments; and (d) to carry out his obligations under the contract of apprenticeship. [(2) Every graduate or technician apprentice [technician (vocational) apprentice]75 undergoing apprenticeship training shall have the following obligations namely:(a) to learn his subject field in engineering or technology [or vocational course]76 conscientiously and diligently at his place of training; (b) to attend the practical and instructional classes regularly; (c) to carry out all lawful orders of his employers and superiors in the establis.