Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Writing Review - Essay Example Kundera shows himself both as a gifted student of history and analyst. In all around organized, captivating way Kundera entangles his perusers in the realms of his books. His innovative works is an indication of ideological battle of Czech savvy people in the period of Stalinism. Kundera was a Communist himself when this belief system was conceived, yet very soon he was expulsed from the Party and his vocation was compromised as a result of his guiltless joke. From that second Kundera in his books utilized jokes, incongruity and mockery so as to show how honest play can destroy lives. This exploration paper is centered around his two books â€Å"The Joke† and â€Å"The Book of Laughter and Forgetting†. On the instances of these two works a change of Kundera from a scrutinizer of the past to a snide impostor of the past is appeared. Dualistic way of Kundera’s composing is appeared as a reason for his books. In this way the essayist discusses the past and the present; he shows sensible and nonrealistic principle characters; delineates the hole between heroes’ convictions and real factors and so forth. His way of composing is bipolar; in such a way Kundera as far as anyone knows needs to show the equivocalness of human lives. This uncertainty was very much perceived on the case of the period of Stalinism. Individuals needed to think and act in one manner in their day by day life, however in their cognizant, central cores they carried on with different lives. Ruinous power of Stalinism is appeared on the instances of Kundera’s fundamental characters of these two primary books. Ludvik, Helena, Mirek, Tamina and others were destructed by the tremendous ‘Communist slaughter’. So as to evaluate their pith, break down their past, these characters meander between self-examination and vengeance, between blaming them and the history for their lost lives. In these appalling turbulences echoes a fate of Kundera. Subsequently while perusing these two books it is conceivable to uncover the drapery of baffling virtuoso of

The Role of the Health and Social Care Professionals in the Care of an Essay

The Role of the Health and Social Care Professionals under the watchful eye of an ACS Patient - Essay Example 265). Social consideration experts are likewise ordered to furnish patients with ACS with adequate data. Before showing up in the medical clinic, patients with ACS must be furnished with satisfactory data by the consideration suppliers, for example, the capacity of the emergency clinic to enough deal with the condition. Additionally, quiet focused consideration requests that, on appearance, patients are adequately educated on the methodology and examinations which they would experience through. The educational job of human services proficient is likewise significant when patients are accepting test outcomes. For this situation, medicinal services proficient must examine the accessible treatment choices for the conditions with the goal that patient is empowered to settle on educated choices (Marshall, 2011, p. 48). The tension which patients with ACS exhibit uncovers that social consideration proficient must be gifted and ready to apply these abilities in raising the apprehensions ins ide the patients about their conditions. Movahed, et al (2010, p. 60) bring up that the arrangement of the medicinal services experts should in this manner incorporate giving their patients exact data with a perspective on evacuating any misinterpretations that the patients would have about the ACS. In any case the most significant thought of the recuperate care experts in understanding focused consideration for ACS is arrangement of proof based information to their patients and update them about the consideration and furthermore the administration of their condition. Moreover, human services experts and social consideration laborers are commanded to evaluate the comprehension of the patient on their condition, treatment and its administration. This will permit them to give the patients both composed and verbal data as they esteem fundamental (Otterstad and Brosstad, 2004, p. 10). Relatives should likewise be given sufficient data about the state of the patient. Notwithstanding, qui et focused consideration particularly in giving data to loved ones must not disregard the moral and lawful privileges of the patient for secrecy and protection. In such manner, it is the job of the human services experts to protect quiet privacy and gain the patient’s assent before educating loved ones about basic parts of the patient’s condition. Kumar and Cannon (2009, p. 918) shows that under the watchful eye of NSTEMI patients and ACS as a rule, social insurance experts assume a job of finding and the board of the heart condition. This implies medicinal services experts must have and utilize proof put together information with respect to the appraisal, separation or chance and the administration of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome, for example, STEMI and NSTEMI. The administration plan for social consideration experts must be centered around improving the experience of the patient and the results of the human services (Schoenenberger, et al, 2011, p. 302). For this to be accomplished, human services proficient and social laborers must have an exhaustive comprehension of the different apparatuses which are applied in the finding of myocardial dead tissue. These devices incorporate physical assessment, history taking, biochemical markers and ECG recording. It is in this manner the job of human services proficient and social consideration suppliers to apply the different treatment alternatives being taken care of by STEMI or NSTEMI quiet after a definitive conclusion has been reached

Free Essays on Ethics In Engineering

Morals is not, at this point just connected with legal advisors and agents. These days architects and researchers need to stress over morals as much as they need to stress over the culmination of their activities. Since a significant number of the undertakings are utilized by the open when finished, engineers need to ensure that codes are followed and that all choices are morally based. The essential drivers of building disappointment are normally viewed as human components, plan imperfections, material disappointments, extraordinary conditions or situations, and a mix of the entirety of the abovementioned. The building disappointments that are brought about by human factors and configuration imperfections are either from mishaps or above all dishonest choices. Coming up next is a contextual analysis about a building morals case. In 1986, the city of Pitcher Wyoming needed to construct another arena that would oblige football and other significant occasions. The city framed the Wyoming Woolies Stadium Authority to construct, own, and work the arena once finished. The power recruited Matrix Engineering Associates to plan the site and structure. Framework Engineering Associates recruited sub-specialist SoilTest Geotechnical Engineers to test the dirt, oversee borings, and make any structure suggestions. Benson-Marquardt Construction Company (BMCO) worked out an arrangement with the Stadium Authority and was granted the development the executives contract. When SoilTest was recruited by Matrix Engineering, the organization previously had a bustling work routine as a result of various government occupations. Dennis Snead was the on location venture engineer for Matrix and was liable for the everyday building choices. The shear size of the undertaking and the way that it was Dennis’ most dependable field task made it all the all the more trying for him. Since this was Dennis’ first gigantic undertaking he was to some degree threatened by the more experienced development administrators at work. The terrorizing that Dennis felt was nothing com... Free Essays on Ethics In Engineering Free Essays on Ethics In Engineering Morals is not, at this point just connected with attorneys and agents. These days architects and researchers need to stress over morals as much as they need to stress over the finishing of their activities. Since a significant number of the activities are utilized by the open when finished, engineers need to ensure that codes are followed and that all choices are morally based. The essential drivers of building disappointment are typically viewed as human components, plan blemishes, material disappointments, outrageous conditions or situations, and a blend of the entirety of the abovementioned. The building disappointments that are brought about by human factors and configuration imperfections are either from mishaps or in particular dishonest choices. Coming up next is a contextual investigation about a designing morals case. In 1986, the city of Pitcher Wyoming needed to construct another arena that would suit football and other significant occasions. The city framed the Wyoming Woolies Stadium Authority to assemble, own, and work the arena once finished. The power employed Matrix Engineering Associates to plan the site and structure. Framework Engineering Associates employed sub-advisor SoilTest Geotechnical Engineers to test the dirt, direct borings, and make any structure proposals. Benson-Marquardt Construction Company (BMCO) worked out an arrangement with the Stadium Authority and was granted the development the executives contract. When SoilTest was recruited by Matrix Engineering, the organization previously had a bustling work routine in light of various government employments. Dennis Snead was the on location venture engineer for Matrix and was liable for the everyday designing choices. The shear size of the venture and the way that it was Dennis’ most dependable field task made it all the all the more trying for him. Since this was Dennis’ first enormous venture he was to some degree scared by the more experienced development administrators at work. The terrorizing that Dennis felt was nothing com...

Should Electronic Play be Encouraged for School-Age Children Research Paper

Should Electronic Play be Encouraged for School-Age Children - Research Paper Example This paper focuses on that the facts demonstrate that computer game play, regardless of whether vicious or peaceful, can create visual fixation, spatial relations, and deftness. Notwithstanding, from the confirmations introduced, it isn't clear if these games can improve basic judgment or safeguarding of data and imagination. This paper makes an end that some instructive computer games control explicit instructive abilities and information, for example math, science and language. Be that as it may, this sort of games isn't effectively open. Perhaps, future turn of events and wide appropriation of these materials will have the option to empower all the more learning for electronic gamers. The impacts of media savagery may result to desensitization to the fear of viciousness; acknowledgment of brutality as â€Å"a way out†; replication of animosity found in computer games; and recognizable proof of oneself with the characters. Let us take Mortal Kombat and Nite Trap as ideal instances of the media round of blood sport. In Mortal Kombat, the principal legend beheads, the subsequent saint shocks, the third legend cuts the victim’s chest and pulls out the heart, and the fourth saint hacks his victim’s head and holds it high in triumph. In Nite Trap, the vampires follow five insufficiently dressed ladies, drill openings in their necks and suspend them on meat snares. The high-activity, live-activity, blood-rich scenes of these games make them additionally convincing, ground-breaking and sensible and even more alluring to the brains of the blameless.

The Appeals Process Stage of a Criminal Case

The Appeals Process Stage of a Criminal Case Anybody indicted for a wrongdoing has the privilege to advance that conviction in the event that they accept a legitimate blunder has happened. On the off chance that you have been sentenced for a wrongdoing and plan to claim, you are not, at this point known as the litigant, you are currently the appealing party for the situation. In criminal cases, an intrigue requests that a higher court take a gander at the record of the preliminary procedures to decide whether a legitimate mistake happened that may have influenced the result of the preliminary or the sentence forced by the appointed authority. Engaging Legal Errors An intrigue once in a while difficulties the choice of the jury, yet rather challenges any lawful mistakes that the appointed authority or the arraignment may have made during the preliminary. Any decision that the adjudicator made during the fundamental hearing, during pre-preliminary movements and during the preliminary itself can be offered if the appealing party accepts the decision was in mistake. For instance, if your attorney made a pre-preliminary movement testing the lawfulness of the inquiry of your vehicle and the appointed authority decided that the police didn't require a court order, that administering can be advanced in light of the fact that it permitted proof to be seen by the jury that would not have in any case observed. Notice of Appeal Your lawyer will have a lot of time to set up your conventional intrigue, yet in many states, you make some constrained memories to report your goal to request your conviction or sentence. In certain states, you have just 10 days to choose if there are issues that can be offered. Your notification of request should incorporate the specific issue or issues whereupon you are basing your intrigue. Numerous interests have been dismissed by higher courts just in light of the fact that the appealing party stood by too long to even consider raising the issue. Records and Writs At the point when you offer your case, the re-appraising court will get the record of the criminal preliminary and all decisions paving the way to the preliminary. Your lawyer will document a composed brief laying out why you accept your conviction was influenced by legitimate blunder. The arraignment moreover will record a composed brief explaining to the investigative court why it accepts the decision was legitimate and proper. For the most part, after the arraignment documents its short, the appealing party can record a subsequent brief in counter. The Next Highest Court In spite of the fact that it happens, the lawyer who took care of your criminal preliminary will most likely not handle your allure. Bids are typically dealt with by legal counselors who have involvement in the interests procedure and working with higher courts. In spite of the fact that the interests procedure differs from state to express, the procedure for the most part begins with the following most noteworthy court in the framework - state or government - in which the preliminary was held. As a rule, this is the state redrafting. The gathering that loses at the interests courtâ can apply to the following most noteworthy court, for the most part the state incomparable court. On the off chance that the issues engaged with the intrigue are protected, the case would then be able to be spoke to the government area offers court and in the end to the U.S. Incomparable Court. Direct Appeals/Automatic Appeals Any individual who is condemned to death is consequently given an immediate intrigue. Contingent upon the express, the intrigue might be compulsory or reliant on the respondents decision. Direct interests consistently go to the most elevated court in the state. In government cases, the immediate intrigue goes to the administrative courts.A board of judges settles on the result of direct interests. The adjudicators at that point can either avow the conviction and sentence, switch the conviction, or converse the demise sentence. The losing side can thenâ petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Preeminent Court.â Advances Rarely Successful Not many criminal preliminary interests are fruitful. That is the reason when a criminal intrigue is in all actuality, it stands out as truly newsworthy in the media since it is uncommon. All together for a conviction or a sentence to be upset, the interests court not exclusively should locate that a blunder happened, yet additionally that the mistake was clear and genuine enough to influence the result of the preliminary. A criminal conviction can be advanced on the premise that the quality of the proof introduced a preliminary didn't bolster the decision. This kind of request is altogether more costly and considerably more protracted than a lawful mistake bid and significantly more once in a while fruitful.

Tips and Advice for Writing Great Psychology Papers

Tips and Advice for Writing Great Psychology Papers Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print Tips for Writing Psychology Papers By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 21, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers Students are often surprised to discover how much writing is required for psychology college courses. Those majoring in psychology are often expected to write a wide variety of papers, ranging from lab reports to research papers. In almost all cases, you will need to structure your paper in a specific way and follow the rules of APA format.   Why Learning to Write Psychology Papers Is Important The ability to write well is one of the most important skills you can gain as a psychology major. Most psychology courses require a significant amount of writing, including essays, case studies, research reports, and other papers. Learning effective communication skills will help you succeed in high school, university, graduate school, and the workforce. How can you improve your writing skills? Start by viewing each class assignment as an opportunity to learn and practice. Check out resources offered by your school, such as tutors or writing labs, and learn more about the different types of psychology writing. The following resources offer tips, guidelines, and advice on how to write psychology papers. If you are struggling with how to start a psychology paper, following some of the guidelines below may help. Basic Tips for Writing Psychology Papers If you have never written a psychology paper before, you need to start with the basics. Psychology writing is much like other types of writing, but most instructors will have special requirements for each assignment. Before you start a psychology paper, youll need to learn more about what you should write about, how you should structure your paper, and what type of sources you should use. Always check the grading rubric for an assignment before you begin writing and brush up on the basics. How to Write a Psychology Case Study Students taking courses in abnormal psychology, child development, or psychotherapy will often be expected to write a case study on an individualâ€"either real or imagined. Case studies vary somewhat, but most include a detailed history of the client, a description of the presenting problem, a diagnosis, and a discussion of possible treatments. This type of paper can be both challenging and interesting. You will get a chance to explore an individual in great depth and find insights into their behaviors and motivations. Before you begin your assignment, learn more about how to write a psychology case study. How to Write a Psychology Lab Report Lab reports are commonly assigned in experimental or research-based psychology courses. The structure of a lab report is very similar to that of a professional journal article, so reading a few research articles is a good way to start learning more about the basic format of a lab report. There are some basic rules to follow when writing a psychology lab report. Your report should provide a clear and concise overview of the experiment, research or study you conducted. Before you begin working on your paper, read more about how to write a psychology lab report. How to Write a Psychology Critique Paper Psychology critique papers are often required in psychology courses, so you should expect to write one at some point in your studies. Your professor may expect you to provide a critique on a book, journal article, or psychological theory. Students sometimes find that writing a critique can actually be quite challenging. How can you prepare for this type of assignment? Start by reading these tips and guidelines on how to write a psychology critique paper. Remember to  Edit Your Psychology Paper Before you turn in any type of psychology writing, it is vital to proofread and edit your work for errors, typos, and grammar. Do not just rely on your computers spellchecker to do the job! Always read thoroughly through your paper to remove mistakes and ensure that your writing flows well and is structured logically. Finally, always have another person read your work to spot any mistakes you may have missed. After you have read something so many times, it can become difficult to spot your own errors. Getting a fresh set of eyes to read through it can be very helpful. Plus, your proofreader can ask questions and point out areas that might not be clear to the reader. Know the Rules of  APA Format Not learning APA format is a mistake that costs points for many students. APA format is the official style of the American Psychological Association and is used in many different types of science writing, especially the social sciences. Before you hand in any writing assignment, always double-check your page format, in-text citations, and references for correct APA format. If you need directions or examples, check out this guide to APA format. A Word From Verywell Writing psychology papers is an important part of earning a degree in psychology. Even non-majors often find themselves writing such papers when taking general education psychology classes. Fortunately, paying attention to the directions provided by your instructor, familiarizing yourself with APA style, and following some basic guidelines for different types of psychology papers can make the process much easier.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy - Free Essay Example

â€Å"A good many of you are probably acquainted with the old proverb:†Speak softly and carry a big stick-you will go far.† If a man continually blusters, if he lacks civility, a big stick will not save him from trouble; and neither will speaking softly avail, if back of the softness there does not lie strength, power.† Theodore Roosevelt was highly revered during his time for his unique approach to foreign policy, as seen in the quotation, TR held the belief â€Å"speak softly and carry a big stick† when handling international foreign affairs, in order to discussing the topic it is helpful to ask what â€Å"carrying a big stick† entails, and how the president would proceed in order to execute his new international policy approach. The ideology was contradictory to the nations previous policy of international neutrality and isolationism.. The Big Stick policy is very significant in Roosevelts approach to foreign policy; in the example of Venezuela, the negotiation of the Panama canal, and heavy hand in the conflicts of the far east. Wielding his new foreign policy proceeding the death of President William McKinley, Roosevelt sets out to establish America as a world power, through the expansion of the nations navy and overall confidence in international diplomacy, he solidifies himself in history as an exceedingly charismatic and proactive president who took a fresh approach to international affairs in order to compete with the ever changing politics of the world. The first examples of Roosevelts implementation of the Big Stick policy can be found in the various events that took place in Latin America. The negotiation of the Panama Canal is exceedingly important in American history. With the death of McKinley, Roosevelt inherits the task of building a canal to support Americas expanding empire and preserve commercial i nterests in the Pacific and Latin America. In order to do so, Roosevelts administration first had to negotiate the terms to build and own the canal with accordance to the British, resulting in the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty in which, â€Å"It is agreed that the canal may be constructed under the auspices of the government of the United States†, this is the figurative green light for the U.S. to negotiate the canal under the terms of peace and primarily commercial usage. After their failed attempt at creating a canal in Panama the French agreed to sell the land to the United States. Negotiations with Colombia began and were significantly frustrating, after the Columbian refusal to ratify the proposal for the canal, Roosevelt is approached by a representative of Panama, Banau-Varilla, he informed him of revolutionary ideas that were ready to ignite in Panama. Roosevelt agreed to support the revolution sending the U.S. warship Nashville? to reinforce the Panamanian Revolutionaries, they succeed in a nearly bloodless struggle. Thus came the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty which, â€Å"to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation and control of a zone of land and land underwater for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of said canal†, the statement â€Å"in perpetuity† meant forever in this sense. While this was a massive success for America, the treaty was completely one sided and resulted in Panamanian distaste for the American government, aiding a growing Latin American resentment towards the U.S. Another good example of Theodore Roosevelt’s usage of his Big Stick policy in Latin America can be seen in the Venezuelan Crisis of 1902. The Venezuelans similarly to other nations in South America had fallen into debt with European powers. When Germany and Britain sent naval fleets to collect the money from Venezuela an American Navy fleet quickly responded and flourished the new U.S. policy of policing with a big stick. The Navy fleet was claimed to have been there coincidentally, when in reality it seemed as if the president strategically planned an exemplary show of the navys preparedness to deploy for war, â€Å"I assembled our battle fleet under Admiral Dewey, near Puerto Rico, for ‘maneuvers’,with instructions that the fleet should be kept in hand and i n fighting trim, and should be ready to sail at an hour’s notice.† Ultimately American intervention causes the British and Germans to cut off diplomatic ties with the leaders of Venezuela and leave Latin America. The European powers violation of the Monroe Doctrine was troubling to Theodore Roosevelt, it posed an imminent threat to America’s public safety. In response TR went to congress with what will be called the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1905. A proposal intended to expand U.S. Navy, put attention on commercial interests in the far east and transfer European intervention to the hands of America. Roosevelt asks for the expansion of the Army and Navy in the quote, â€Å"it is absolutely necessary to consider the Army and the Navy, and the Congress, through which the thought of the nation finds its expression, should keep ever vividly in mind the fundamental fact that it is impossible to treat our foreign policy, whether this policy takes shape in the effort to secure justice for others or for ourselves, save as conditioned upon the attitude we are willing to take toward our army, and especially toward our navy.† The call for naval growth was centered around the Big Stick foreign policy, and the additional responsibilities as a righteous power of the world to police, enforce and protect itself from foreign powers. TR states in his corollary, â€Å"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence to the exercise of an international police power.† Overall the implementation of the Corollary resulted in the expansion of the Navy, as well as, the new policy of intervention, causing a further decline in popularity for the U.S. in Latin America. An exceedingly intelligent implementation of Theodore Roosevelts Big Stick policy was the deployment of the Great White Fleet. â€Å"Over a 14 month period, 14,000 men on 16 battleships and auxiliaries, traveled 46,000 miles, circumnavigating the world and demonstrated to Europe and the Far East, American strength during a time of peace.† There were many reasons for Roosevelts sailing of the Great White Fleet across the world, most of them pertaining to American interest in the East following the Russo-Japanese war, as well as the opportunity to showcase his naval prowess. The deployment of the fleet was viewed by the department of the navy, â€Å"as a trial run for a war with Japan† ;however, Roosevelt also used the fleet to stimulate congress to make more ships due to the reinforced popular public interest in the Navy. Simultaneously, the goal of the Great White Fleet was to â€Å"bolster his political support on the west coast by capitalizing on fears of a possible war with Japan.† While the deployment of The Great White Fleet had no actual combat motives, it sought to establish Roosevelts Big Stick Policy internationally with a soft spoken word of peace during a time of growing tensions with Japan. Theodore Roosevelt took an extremely unorthodox approach to American Foreign policy, his implementation of Big Stick ideology broke America from its isolationist shell taking the first steps into establishing itself as a world power. Through the expansion of the Navy, negotiation of the Panama canal, Venezuela Crisis, and resolution of tensions in the East, Roosevelt went through immense means to uphold his administrative declaration of a big stick. Throughout his two terms TR made extremely advantageous decisions and intellectual resolutions to end tensions through the use of diplomacy and solidified himself in American history as a truly pragmatic diplomat. Bibliography -?Mathews, John M. Roosevelts Latin-American Policy. ?The American Political Science Review? 29, no. 5 (1935): 805-20. doi:10.2307/1947224. -?Herring, George C. ?From colony to superpower: U.S. foreign relations since 1776?. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. -?Http://ljournal.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/a-2017-023.pdf. ?â€Å"This Great Enterprise†: Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal ?, 2017. doi:10.18411/a-2017-023. -Livermore, Seward W. Theodore Roosevelt, the American Navy, and the Venezuelan Crisis of 1902-1903. ?The SHAFR Guide Online?. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim090300009 -Transcript of Theodore Roosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1905). Transcript of Theodore Roosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1905) (print-friendly version). Accessed December 12, 2017. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/print_friendly.php?flash=truepage=transcriptdoc=56title=Transcript%2Bof%2BTheodore%2BRoosevelts%2BCorollary%2Bto%2Bthe%2BMonroe%2BDoctrine%2B%281905%29?. -?Neu, Charles E. Theodore Roosevelt and American Involvement in the Far East, 1901-1909. Pacific Historical Review? 35, no. 4 (1966): 433-49. doi:10.2307/3636977 https://www.ourdocuments.gov/print_friendly.php?flash=truepage=transcriptdoc=56title=Transcript%2Bof%2BTheodore%2BRoosevelts%2BCorollary%2Bto%2Bthe%2BMonroe%2BDoctrine%2B%281905%29 https://www.ourdocuments.gov/print_friendly.php?flash=truepage=transcriptdoc=56title=Transcript%2Bof%2BTheodore%2BRoosevelts%2BCorollary%2Bto%2Bthe%2BMonroe%2BDoctrine%2B%281905%29 https://www.ourdocuments.gov/print_friendly.php?flash=truepage=transcriptdoc=56title=Transcript%2Bof%2BTheodore%2BRoosevelts%2BCorollary%2Bto%2Bthe%2BMonroe%2BDoctrine%2B%281905%29 -Bogle, Lori . Why T.R. Sent the Great White Fleet. ?The SHAFR Guide Online?. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim040140120. Theodore Roosevelts Speech at the Minnesota State Fair Sept. 2, 1901. Accessed December 12, 2017. https://home.ipa.net/~mc64802/amtstick.html. -HAY-PAUNCEFOTE TREATY, Nov. 18th, 1901, 32 Stat. 1903;Treaty Series 401.https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-gb-ust000012-0258.pdf -Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Feb. 26th, 1904, U.S. Stats., vol. 33.https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/pan001.asp -Root-Takahira Agreement,Nov. 30th, 1908, Treaty series 511  ½. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-jp-ust000009-0414.pdf

Self Assessment Reflection Paper - 1684 Words

The presentation indicates the results of PAMS, which reflects to my own, and others’ perceptions towards my management skills. To be honest, before attending this class, I am very proud of my past performance and even self-definite to be a manager at the age of twenty-three, and as my boss/father would say, that I am being the right person doing right things and in right ways, though most often trying to be as humble as possible while wearing workout clothes to our small office in DTC. However, after finishing the Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS), as well as comparing the result with the reports from the PAMS Associates (one current employee and one past coworker/good friend for the survey) and with the average of the†¦show more content†¦Rather, there is a lot of hidden advising, driving and advising that goes on. As illustrated below, it seems that managing stress and solving problems creatively are my weaknesses. It is also true as perceived by other people. On the other hand, I’ve viewed my self as a person who is good at taking negative feedback and motivating people. As a shock, the other two people that I asked to assess me viewed it as my strength even though their agreement on this item is somewhat lower than personal assessment. It seems that almost of the given categories are not really strengths or weaknesses, it seemed, for me, that the results shifted depending on the situation. If I put myself in a situation where something bad happens, then it’s out of my control, but when if the situation is where something good things happen, I feel like I had an influence on it. I’m not sure how true that really is though. I had difficulty answering a lot of these, and so did my coworkers, because I think most of us realized that not everything could be influenced by my actions or will. On average, my scores came about 1-2 points away from what my associates thought of me. The areas in which I thought myself lower, they actually perceived me as higher 1-2 points, for example, managing stress, empowering and delegating, and building effective teams and teamwork. The areas in which I thought I was higher, they perceived me as lower 1-2 points, like solving problems creatively, gaining power andShow MoreRelatedSelf Assessment Reflection Paper632 Words   |  3 PagesSelf Assessment Reflection Paper Yvonne Johnson-Cane Wilmington University Self Assessment Reflection Paper In the Tests and Measurements class we were given an assignment to complete several assessment tests. These tests included: 1) The Simple Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, 2) Barsch Learning Style Inventory, 3) Career Decision Profile, and 4) Winward Community College Trio Program Study Habits Inventory. 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Moreover, it provides an opportunity for the program to scrutinize the data collected from the objectives through learning objectives assessment. Assessment of learning objectives is beneficial to both the student and the institutionRead MoreThe Negotiations : Strategy And Practice Coursework1630 Words   |  7 PagesScope of the Essay This paper presents my reflections on the Negotiations: Strategy and practice coursework in the MBA program at Said Business School, University of Oxford. My paper will present various reflections on different themes of negotiation simulation undertaken by me during the course. This course has allowed investigating and reflecting on key drivers of negotiation techniques for me. I have learned that transparency and coalition are the core tenet of negotiation for me. For the purposeRead MoreAssessment And The Myers Briggs Indicator Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four specific assessments that we will be discussed in this paper. These include Campbell Interest Skill Survey, Strong Interest Skill Survey, Self-Directed Search, and the Myers-Briggs Indicator. In order to understand the applicability of each assessment and the positive and negative attributes, including cost, it is important to research your options and determine what is a good fit your you. Campbell Interest Skill Survey is an assessment published by Pearson meant to measureRead MoreWhat I Learned This Week955 Words   |  4 Pagesweek (required) Paper 1 when grading paper 1 aspect 1, reflection, in this paper I felt it exhibited a high degree of self-reflection, the writer had thought again about what their MTBI profile was and actually retaken the quiz, in my opinion it was very well done, the English used was again exceptional in my opinion and so I marked aspect 1 excellent. Aspect 2 was about originality, I used paper rater and it claimed this paper was only 80% original, I checked all the links paper rater providedRead MorePersonal Reflection On The Social Work Profession847 Words   |  4 PagesMy paper is a personal reflection on my understanding of the social work profession, as I get ready for my field placement. I will reflect on my evolving sense of professional identity, and will discuss my growth in terms of self-awareness. I will further deliberate about my knowledge of the Social Work profession. My current understanding of the profession, and activities, tasks and roles that I may undertake in a placement situation The Social Work profession in Ontario is a complete, accreditedRead MoreA Research On Self Assessment Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesmechanisms, an established self-concept, the level of motivation necessary to pursue such an exercise, etc that hamper completing this task, a sincere effort cannot be undertaken without first addressing the issue of assessment. Therefore, the need for self-assessment stands out as the first action to be taken, and perhaps the most crucial, insofar as it establishes not only the desired outcome, but also the nature of the means by which it will be realized. This paper attempts to analyse variousRead MorePersonality Reflection976 Words   |  4 PagesDelawrence Reed Psy/250 Version 6 Professor Wilkerson Personality Reflection Personality cares for the important, strong measures of a human being’s psychological vitality. Traits relates to an individual being merry or depressed, active or care less, brilliant or ignorant. There are many different definitions about personality. Most definitions are on mental system which is a cluster of mental pieces implicating purposes, feelings, and thinking patterns. The meanings alternate a little

Patients Rights Essay - 1618 Words

The practice of medicine in the 1960s saw a change in the doctor-patient relationship that ultimately cultivated the patients’ rights movement. Individuals sought to become proactive in the healthcare and the healing process of their bodies. Because the medical practice was evolving rapidly in technology and specialized care, patients’ healthcare and rights became a major concern that needed to be addressed. In 1973 the American Hospital Association published a patients’ bill of rights that provided the patient with most advantageous healthcare available. This bill of rights required all accredited hospitals to accept this standard moving forward (Patients Rights, 2004). The American Medical Association (AMA) developed a Code of†¦show more content†¦(Patients Rights, 2004). Due to a patient’s stability, the doctor may choose to refrain from disclosing the full facts to a patient. The doctor is then required to give this significant information to a close relative or spouse. The patient has the right to refuse treatment and must be informed of the health related consequences of the refusal. Patients also have the right to leave the hospital but are required to sign a document stating it is against medical advice (Patients Rights, 2000). Even if laws establish the right of an adult to refuse life-sustaining treatment, parents or guardians are not allowed to deny children necessary medical care (emedicinehealth, 2011). No person should be deprived of or discriminated against in receiving top quality medical care at any facility regardless of race, creed, color, sex, age, disabilities, or financial status. (Patients Rights, 2004). Patients rights however are violated whether intentional or not. During an interview with a patient, she revealed a scenario describing a seizure episode to her doctor, while attending church services. The doctor responded, â€Å"Are you sure it was a seizure or were you responding to the ‘spirit’ as it often happens in black churches?† She was so devastated that the doctor had made such an offensive comment; she left the facility without paying her copay and never returned (Jordan, 2011). Knowing patientShow MoreRelatedPatients Rights And Rights1192 Words   |  5 PagesPatients’ Rights in H.I.M Patients’ Rights in H.I.M Dametria Renee` Johnson DeVry University Table of Contents Title Page Introduction 3 Defining Patients’ Rights 4 Accessing PHI – A Patients’ Rights 5 Exceptions to Access – A Patients’ Right 6 Amend PHI - A Patient’s Right 7 Patients Privacy Importance 8 Conclusion 8 Introduction – Patients’ Rights in H.I.M As a patient, you have rights. The right to ask questions, the right for your privacy, theRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Rights With Patient Responsibilities1132 Words   |  5 Pagesthe emphasis of patient rights over patient responsibilities? Discuss. Both patient rights and patient responsibilities are pertinent to ensure that the patient is provided the best medical treatment. When a patient is treated by a health care provider for severe lower right quadrant pain, vomiting, and fever, they will be sent either for an ultrasound of the abdomen or to be evaluated in the emergency room depending on the severity of the pain and the overall health of the patient. An ultrasoundRead MoreDementia Patients Denied Rights1622 Words   |  7 Pages Dementia Patients’ Denied Rights: Voluntarily Stopping Eating And Drinking Adrienne Heasty County College of Morris â€Æ' The healthcare system places emphasis on involving patients in their plan care throughout the disease or healing process. Nurses and other members of the healthcare team are responsible to ensure that the competent patient has the right to refuse any medical treatment. Patients can have an active voice in their treatment throughout their disease process by clearly statingRead MoreImproving The Right Patient Care1467 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Ensuring the right patient care to the correct patient is an essential, every day part of nursing care (Dhatt, Damir, Matarelli, Sankaranarayanan, James, 2011). Failure to follow out correct procedure-patient matching may lead to incorrect interventions or treatments being performed on the wrong person (Zipperer, 2014). Unfortunately, this can sometime result in negative effects on patient outcomes, or even sentinel events (Zipperer, 2014). According to the Australian Commission onRead MoreThe Importance of Patients Rights1287 Words   |  5 Pages Patients Rights Being a patient you have a certain right, for example if you were in an accident of some sort, you, as a patient, have a right to choose what is going to happen to you, but what would happen if you were to be brain dead, than your family members could choose what happens to you or your husband, but thats only if you havent signed a will saying what you want to happen with yourself. Some people believe that we dont need rights when we are hurt and that weRead MoreThe Nursing Profession: Patient Rights and Patient Welfare Essay943 Words   |  4 Pages Nursing is a profession of change. The environment a nurse works in changes, technology is updated to provide the best patient care and nurses are learning about the updates to best evidence the field is relies on. Additional environmental changes for nurses include restructuring of the organization, quality improvement and employee retention (Marquis Huston, 2012). These types of changes are typically planned (Marquis Huston, 2012). Planned change is a purposeful, calculated and collaborativeRead MorePAS: The Right of Each Patient1624 Words   |  7 Pagesother states currently trying to approve a bill that will grant ill patient with the choice of assisted suicide, as well as the statistical finding that majority of Americans have no problem with PAS when it ties in with terminally ill patient, I think it is time for it to be legalized all over the states. The reason i want this to be accomplished is due to the patient’s right of life and death, it is perfectly lega l for patients to legally refuse treatment so PAS should not be illegal, and in aRead MoreLegal Ethics, Patients Rights, And Hiv / Aids1896 Words   |  8 PagesLegal Ethics, Patients’ Rights, and HIV/AIDS The health care administrator at the USA Community Hospital has an obligation to ensure that the staff consistently operates in an ethical manner. The manager is responsible for analyzing compliance data regarding the ethical conduct of the staff. Occasionally there are complaints from patients with HIV/AIDS who states that at times the health care professionals conduct themselves in an unethical manner and deny them treatment without cause. This typeRead MoreThe Rights Of Patients Whom Have Been Diagnosed With A Terminally Ill Disease1575 Words   |  7 Pages This paper is to write about the rights of patients whom have been diagnosed with a terminally ill disease. This paper will also look at states that allow this and states that do not. Also we will be looking into nurses, the physician, and the patient and what might be their roles in assisted suicide and where ANA Ethics for Nurses stand. Starting in the beginning looking at suicide itself, â€Å"Many faith groups within Christian, Muslim, Jewish and other religions sincerely believe that God givesRead MorePatient Relations Manager, Privacy Officer, And Recipient Rights Director Is Responsible For Monitoring And Ensuring The Facility1154 Words   |  5 Pages Nelson, MSA, patient relations manager, privacy officer, and recipient rights director is responsible for monitoring and assuring the facility s compliance with regulations pertaining to the privacy of patient records. Robin has a bachelor s degree in Health Administration; a master s in Public Health Administration and holds a registration in social work. She had originally intended to work in substance abuse, counseling, education, however according to her it wasn t a right fit so transferred

The US Farmers Depend on Illegal Immigrants Example

Essays on The US Farmers Depend on Illegal Immigrants Research Paper ï » ¿US Farmers Depend on Illegal Immigrants Introduction The influx of the illegal immigrants in the United States has increased tremendously. In 2010, estimates indicated that the number of the illegal aliens was approximately eight million (ProCon.org). Similarly, the official statistics shows that ninety-one percent of the male immigrants constitute the workforce in 2012. The percentage is bigger than that of the legal immigrants and US-born males who make eighty-four and seventy-nine percent of the labor force (ProCon.org). The economic disruptions in the neighboring countries such as Mexico are attributable to the notable surges in the illegal immigration. The immigrants contribute a certain percentage of the workforce. Majorly, the illegitimate immigrants have secured jobs in the construction industry and the agriculture. The analysts point out that the booming US economy is a contributing factor to the illegitimate immigration. Fundamentally, the concentration of the immigrants is in the lowest paying industries in the United States . Roughly, a quarter of the farm workers comprise the immigrants who entered the United States illegally (Passel and Cohn 5). Hence, agriculture depends hugely on the labor that the illegal immigrants provide. Undocumented Immigrants in Agriculture The agricultural sector in the United States attracts a large number of the illegal immigrants. The immigrants provide cheap labor on the farms, as well as, the agricultural based industries. Illegal immigrants are willing to work for the lowest earning to sustain life in the United States. Whereas the natives cannot provide such less costly labor, the illegal immigrants view the payments as substantially to cater for their needs (Serrano). The demand for the workforce in the agricultural sector has been increasing tremendously. The Growers Association has publicly expressed their displeasure with the immigration reforms. According to the association, the large percentage of the U.S farm laborers comes from the Mexico (Serrano). Hence, the efforts to deport the illegal immigrants will create a shortage in the labor force and lead to the wastage of the farm produce. Arizona and California, the two states that contribute half of the nation’s agricultural produce anticipate poor harvests if the reforms result in the deportation of the illegitimate immigrants. The Native Americans do not have a history of providing labor on the farms even the jobless citizens (ProCon.org). Perhaps, most Americans view working on the farms as lowering the dignity of an individual. Hence, the illegal immigrants have many opportunities in the agriculture. The dependency of the illegal immigrants to provide cheap labor in the agricultural sector is arguably high. The agriculture sector warns of the possible disaster if the immigration policy, which the Congress supports, becomes effective law. Statistics indicates that eighty percentage of the field workers are illegitimate immigrants, and the E-verify program might have adverse effects of lowering the workforce by chasing away the illegal laborers (Ruark 10). The tough fieldwork scares the Americans from executing the farm duties. Despite the campaigns to entice them to take up the farm jobs, the Americans have rejected such demands of the campaigners. The conservatives argue that the Obama Administration should demonstrate a lot of seriousness in deporting the illegal immigrants who take up the American jobs and bring in unhealthy competition in the labor market (Serrano). The agribusiness sector has consistently attempted to reject the immigration policy that would lead to the legal labor force. The sector has pointed out that hiring the illegal immigrants is a crucial process for the survival and sustainability of the agricultural industry (Passel and Cohn 7). The move to increase the wages in order to attract the natives would jeopardize the American food production by inflating the prices if foodstuffs. The foreign-born labor force is critically significance for the highly labor-intensive agricultural sector. The wages of the illegal laborers have been lower than the earnings of the legal workforce. Hence, any attempts to replace the illegitimate immigrants with the legal workers will constraint the agricultural sector. The supply of the illegal workforce has exceeded the demand, and this is attributable to the unemployment, as well as, low wages. The US Department of Agriculture States has indicated that the half of the labor force in the crop agriculture is not authorized immigrants. Similarly, the Department of Labor asserts that 1.25 million farm laborers are illegitimate immigrants (Passel and Cohn 5). The estimates show that the percentage of the illegal immigrants in the US agricultural sector is above seventy. The Social Security Administration underpins the significance of the illegal immigrants. According to statistics, the undocumented immigrants have contributed a stagge ring ten percent of the Social Security Trust Fund (US Department of Labor). Hence, the illegitimate immigrants have not only been beneficial to the agricultural sector, but also to the social security trust fund. The National Agricultural Workers Survey shows undocumented immigrants comprise about fifty-three percent of the 1.4 million laborers that execute the farm duties (US Department of Labor). According to the survey, seventy-five percent of the immigrants without legal status are Mexico-born that took jobs in the agricultural sector upon arrival in the United States. Other immigrants are Hispanic, Chicano, Latino, and Puerto Rican (US Department of Labor). The majority of the immigrants handle the semi-skilled jobs such as planting, weeding, and harvesting the farm produce. Specifically, the Midwest has approximately twenty-nine percent of the illegal workers that perform farm duties. In California, Arizona, and Nevada, the illegal immigrants constitute more than 2.5 percent of the labor force in the agricultural sector (Hanson 35). The historical records indicate that the United States imported foreigners to execute the demanding field chores. Critics argue that the foreign laborers re presented a disenfranchised group that did not have the rights to vote. Similarly, the human rights advocates have challenged the agricultural sector to avoid the exploitative tendencies that demean the undocumented immigrants. California is a rich agricultural producing state, and enjoys the cheap labor that the illegitimate immigrants provide (Ruark 6). The immigrants have accepted the minimal wages because they cannot attain such livelihood in their countries. However, the farm owners should not use the vulnerability of the undocumented immigrants as a tool to exploit them. The survival and aspirations for betel lives compel the illegal immigrants to get to the United States and work on the plantations. The laborers endure the extreme, as well as, the harsh climate of the United States, while executing duties in the agricultural sector. It has been challenging for the illegal immigrants to obtain legal status in the United States due to the structure of the systems. However, the immigrants have strengthened the agricultural sector by making the United States a food-sustaining nation. Notably, the agricultural sector has recorded enormous growth and profitability (ProCon.org). The agricultural sector has enjoyed approximately eighty percent annual increase in the profits (Ruark 1). Such percentage is higher when one compares with the other primary industries. The food supply chain in the United States has entirely depended on the foreign labor force. Hence, the agricultural lobbyists believe that the nation cannot trivialize the national interest by atte mpting to reform the immigration policies in order to deport the undocumented immigrants who supply cheap labor in the large-scale agricultural sector and agribusiness. Conclusion The agricultural sector depends on the illegal immigrants to provide cheap labor. The undocumented immigrants form a large percentage of the workforce in the agricultural sector. The majority of the natives do not express interest working in the demanding the fieldwork. Statistics has shown that agriculture has enjoyed an enormous growth and profitability to the cheap labor the illegitimate immigrants provide. Hence, the lobbying campaign to disagree with the policies to legalize the immigrants has the basis of the profitability the agricultural sector has realized from the illegal immigrants. In essence, the reforms in the immigration policy might affect the output of the agricultural sector. Works Cited Hanson, Gordon. Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration. Web. 6 Apr. 2015 http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/ImmigrationCSR26.pdf Passel, Jeffrey and Cohn, D’vera. A Portrait of Unauthorized Immigrants in the United States. PewResearchCenter. Print. ProCon.org. Demographics of immigrants in the United States illegally. Web. 6 Apr. 2015 http://immigration.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000845 Ruark, Erick. Illegal Immigration and Agribusiness. Web. 6 Apr. 2015 http://www.fairus.org/DocServer/agribusiness_rev2013.pdf Serrano, Alfonso. ‘Why the undocumented workers are good for the economy. Time, 14 Jun. 2012. Print. US Department of Labor. The National Agricultural Workers Survey. Web. 6 Apr 2015 http://www.doleta.gov/agworker/report9/chapter1.cfm Appendices Appendix 1 Web: http://www.heritage.org/static/reportimages/FE0FD00D1031B921A4796634932A5770.gif Appendix 2 Web: http://www.cis.org/sites/cis.org/files/articles/2006/back107.gif Appendix 3 Web: http://cis.org/sites/cis.org/files/articles/2001/mexico/labor.8.gif Appendix 4 Web: http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/2009/04/2009-unauthorized-29.png

A Model of Determinents of Health - 751 Words

A determinant of health refers to an aspect that leads to change in health status,either for the benefit or non-benefit (Keleher and Murphy, 2004). In this perspective a model was introduce in 1991.In the following paragraphs, we will discuss this model and relation of all determinants with each other, Ie choose education determinant out of living and working conditions layer of the model and further i shall give explanation on about this determinant to health and wellness. Furtherdown, there will be disscussion about how does education factor affect the health of maori people in rural area. Then explanation will be done about how and why inequalities and disparities be found among varient groups of society. The concept of a social determinants model policy was developed to translate audience. one of the most widely known Dahlgren and Whiteheads model, which Europe (Dahlgren and Whitehead 1991) determinants of health. arc ranging from broad social situationsSocial and community networks, through individual lifestyle factor. To improve population health status and health inequalities, this is to Identify and understand key factors that are important to protect and promote good Health. These factors are known as determinants of health there are five layers and all the social determinants model are associated. first Age, gender and genetic factors are highly important for health, and yet they are largely seen as improving access and public health strategies, policiesShow MoreRelatedAssignment Sainsbury3791 Words   |  16 Pagesthe reasons 6.Quick thinking 4. Politics:- Governmental policy can have a major impact on the operation of a business eg laws on competitive practices will affect Sainsbury s (pay particular attention to their bid for Safeway). Minimum wage, health safety laws etc will affect their work practice and productions costs.The policies greatly effects the business increase in tax by government will increase the price of each product which could eventually make company to struggle as it will increaseRead MoreThesis on Pakistan Railways6300 Words   |  26 Pages  Opportunities,  and  Threats  faced  by  Pakistan railway are analyzed. Along with that the  factors e.g. Political Factors, Economic Factors, Sociocultural Factors, Technological Factors are also  analyzed. Based on the success of  the Japanese Railways model*2, PR is urgently following a similar strategy of  converting  its  non-productive  assets  into  revenue generating and land mark projects. For this purpose PR established the Directorate of  Marketing which works directly under the guidance of the Ministry

Background of Firefly Subsidiary of the Malaysia Airline System Berhad Free Essays

Background of Firefly Firefly is established on April 3rd 2007 and it is the wholly-owned subsidiary by the Malaysia Airline System Berhad (MAS). While, it’s also the first community airline in Malaysia that operated under Fly Firefly Sdn Bhd. the Malaysia’s first community airline also known as a new Malaysian no-frills airline. We will write a custom essay sample on Background of Firefly: Subsidiary of the Malaysia Airline System Berhad or any similar topic only for you Order Now The name of Firefly is come from the characteristics of agility, brilliance, charm, and fun. Firefly offers a full service point-to-point carrier. The head office of Firefly is located at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Selangor. The first flight of the Firefly was from Subang Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport to Penang International Airport, on the 2nd April 2007. Besides Airline of Air Asia Berhad, Firefly is another low-cost airliner. It mean that Firefly has the separate management compare with MAS even though it is wholly-owned subsidiary by MAS. Firefly is operated in two hubs that are located at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, Subang, Selangor and Penang International Airport. Penang is the second big hub after the Kuala Lumpur. Operating out of our hubs in Penang and Subang, Firefly provides new and exclusive routes to various points within the Peninsular Malaysia, Southern Thailand and Sumatera of Indonesia, aligning itself with the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMTGT) agenda. Become the Malaysia’s first community airline, Firefly most emphasis on the safety and comfort it its flying experience. However, Firefly try their best to provide the best service to their customers such as getting their customers to the destination in the shorter time, cost effective and make flying Firefly as a fun. How to cite Background of Firefly: Subsidiary of the Malaysia Airline System Berhad, Papers

Clinical Depression 2 Essay Research Paper Clinical free essay sample

Clinical Depression 2 Essay, Research Paper Clinical depression is really common. Over nine million Americans are diagnosed with clinical depression at some point in their lives. Many more people suffer from clinical depression because they do non seek intervention. They may experience that depression is a personal failing, or seek to get by with their symptoms entirely. On the other manus, some people are comfy with acknowledging their symptoms and seeking aid. Such a disagreement may account for the differences in reported instances of depression between work forces and adult females, which indicate that more than twice the Numberss of adult females than work forces are clinically depressed. Harmonizing to the Numberss of reported instances of depression, 25 % of adult females and 10 % of work forces will hold one or more episodes of clinical depression during their life-times. The biologic footing of Clinical Depression originates in the encephalon. Your encephalon is made up of a complex web of nervus cells, called nerve cells and of encephalon chemicals, called neurotransmitters. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical Depression 2 Essay Research Paper Clinical or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Neurotransmitters transmit messages from one nerve cell to another. Two of these neurotransmitters are non produced in sufficient measures in a down individual s encephalon. Because of this deficiency, excessively few messages get transmitted between nerve cells and the symptoms of depression occur. In Clinical depression the chemicals in the encephalon are out-of-balance. New engineering allows research workers to take images of the encephalon that show activity degrees in the encephalon. These imaging techniques such as f-MRI and Favored scan really create images of how active different parts of the encephalon are. Some surveies with these sorts of techniques have suggested that the forms of activation in the encephalons of down people are different than those who are non. These trials can assist physicians and research workers learn more about depression and other mental unwellnesss. Since this research is reasonably new, it is non yet used to name clinical depres Zion. Strong grounds suggests that clinical depression tallies in households. Still, merely because a individual has household members with clinical depression does non vouch that he or she will develop it. Similarly, you may acquire it even if no 1 else in your household has had it. Peoples with high degrees of emphasis are much more likely to develop depression that those who do non. Though most people go through a # 8220 ; down # 8221 ; period after a peculiarly nerve-racking event like a divorce or decease of a loved one, sometimes highly hard emphasiss can trip depressive episodes in certain people who are susceptible to the unwellness. Not surprisingly, people experience depressive episodes when nerve-racking events occur in their lives. This is particularly true for the first depressive episode that people experience. Once people have experienced a depressive episode, they are more likely to see future episodes of depression. Peoples react otherwise to assorted emphasiss and wheth er they react by holding a depressive episode can frequently be explained by their header manner. On the other manus, some people are comfy with acknowledging their symptoms and seeking aid. Such a disagreement may account for the differences in reported instances of depression between work forces and adult females, which indicate that more than twice the Numberss of adult females than work forces are clinically depressed. Harmonizing to the Numberss of reported instances of depression, 25 % of adult females and 10 % of work forces will hold one or more episodes of clinical depression during their life-times. The opportunities of recovery from clinical depression are really good! Almost all clinical depression sick persons who get intervention recover from their episode of depression. The recovery from this episode can be every bit high as 85 % for people who complete several different interventions. As one improves, they will anticipate to detect an improved appetency, increased energy degrees, and eventually, improved slumber.

Rhetorical Theory Essay Example

Rhetorical Theory Essay Fantasy Theme Criticism Fantasy Theme Criticism: Symbolic Convergence Theory â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† COMM 311 Introduction Hip-hop and rap as a whole tend to be lumped together as bad for society, or the dragging down of American culture. The debate on the influence of music effecting the actions of America’s youth has remained salient for decades. The upcoming genre of ‘Rap’ or ‘Hip-Hop’ in recent years has sparked controversy because of the references to violence and sex portrayed in many song lyrics. Not only has the issues of drugs and crime been associated with hip hop, but the diminishing perception of women in our society has also been attributed to hip hop. It seems that rap is an easy scapegoat for the American population to ‘point the finger at. ’ Why is Hip-Hop important? No music is more important than the next. As soon as a genre starts portraying itself as something other than the simple concept of musical notes vibrating off the eardrums of listeners, it loses its focus and main purpose – to entertain. Political messages and social responsibility measures have always been visible in musical lyrics, examples such as R. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer E. M. and U2 as well as countless other bands have done it for years. Hip-Hop has become big business and anything that is marketable affects society one way or another. Hip-Hop also affects society on many different levels and it is inclusive of all people. The media attention that Hip-Hop gets gives meaning to the fact that people are able to see a side of a particular Hip-Hop artist and then the artist is then displayed as a more human element. Younger generations must understand the biases and politics involved with the generalizations of Hip-Hop. The music we listen to and the videos we watch are just like reading a fashion magazine. A perfect example is if we see beautiful women in certain clothes then we may want those clothes. When someone sees a Hip-Hop artist or rapper on televisions that is clearly successful, actions may be taken to duplicate behavior portrayed by that artist, in turn hoping to emulate success similar to that artist. Why is the Eminem song featuring Rihanna important? Eminem is one of a kind! He is the only white rapper to emerge and remain successful while opening the ears of a different audience—young Caucasian males. Barriers are broken down when people from different backgrounds can share common interest at shows and on the internet and Eminem has done an exceptional job at doing so. Eminem was ranked 79th on the VH1 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time. He was also ranked 82nd on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was named the Best Rapper Alive by Vibe magazine in 2008. Eminem has achieved nine No. 1 albums on the Billboard Top 200. Eminem also has had 13 number one singles worldwide. In December 2009, Eminem was even named the Artist of the Decade by Billboard magazine. Are these credentials not enough for you? Let’s take a look at Rihanna she has achieved eight number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 since first appearing on the chart on June 11, 2005. As of July 23, 2010, Rihanna has sold approximately 5,563,000 album units in the US alone. She has received several accolades, including the 2007 World Music Awards for Worlds Best-Selling Pop Female Artist and Female Entertainer of the Year, as well as the 2008 American Music Awards for Favorite Soul/RB Female Artist and Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist. She serves as one of Barbadoss honorary cultural ambassadors. In January 2010, Rihanna received two Grammy Awards for Jay-Zs 2009 single Run This Town. † These two celebrities are huge public figures! As for Rihanna, she appeals to a different demographic, the young African American female. With the combination of these two audiences, they amass to a huge portion of the American youth. Influencing the youth of American is monumental to the outcome of the Country as a whole. The youth of America is the backbone of our Nation. In theory, the influence we have on our youth can be set as a precursor for generations to come. The decisions made by the youth in any country will ultimately unravel actions and future ideas yet to come. For my analysis, I will examine possible subliminal messages and interpretations of Eminem and Rihanna’s song, â€Å"Love the Way You Lie,† specifically directed to the youth of America. I will show how this song is not solely comprised of vocals, lyrics and a music video, but a rhetorical action. The rhetoric involved perpetuates the desired symbolism and themes to reconstruct public opinion influencing the youth of America. By analyzing the lyrics and music video, I will reveal the connection between the subliminal messages and possible interpretations present in the artifact and their influence on the youth of America. Description of the Artifact The artifact I have chosen to depict is Eminem and Rihanna’s â€Å"Love the Way You Lie. † This is a very popular song racking up 338,000 downloads online in its first week. The music video of the song became an online phenomenon, gaining 6. 6 million hits in its first 24 hours on VEVO, and 18 million views in five days. It broke a YouTube record for having the most views in 24 hours. By November 2010, the video had received over 200 million views. Eminem and Rihanna’s song â€Å"Love the Way You Lie† depict the relationship of a troubled young couple. This video produced by Joseph Kahn portrays the ups and downs that some couples must endure to make their relationship work. Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox portray the relationship of a young couple in the song’s music video. The music video starts with the young couple sleeping together in bed. From that point on, Megan Fox notices a phone number on her significant others hand. The idea that she is being taken advantage of enters her mind. That notion sparks controversy and the couple begins to fight. The scene becomes heated and even reaches the point where the couple physical assault and spit in the faces of one another. Both parties in the couple become easily agitated with one another as they continue to assault and randomly hook up and make out. Both the Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox are seen alone pondering as if they are deciding what to do or what will become of their relationship. Megan Fox expresses her emotions by crying to herself, on the other hand Dominic Monaghan is seen drinking in the bar to vent the way he feels in regards to his current situation. Things take a more optimistic stance as the couple tries to rekindle lost trusts. Dominic Monaghan is seen giving Megan Fox a stuffed animal that represents his love for her and shows that he continues to care about her. Dominic Monaghan blatantly steals a bottle of vodka from a liquor store. They are seen getting along on top of a building as they consume vodka together. Alcohol is helping the couple temporary fix their irritations of each other, yet they have much bigger problems. Dominic Monaghan is seen taking his aggression out in the bar as he physically attacks other bystander attempting to communicate with Megan Fox. The couple is then seen gazing into each other’s eyes, smiling but unsure of what to do. Megan Fox is then seen walking out of the house resembling her leaving Dominic Monaghan. As the video continues Dominic Monaghan is seen physically assaulting Megan Fox yet again. The house is set in flames in the backdrop; this resembles the previous chaos and end of their relationship. Fire burns everything, bringing nothing but physical ruin. On the other hand, with the end of one good thing starts the beginning of another. In theory the fire could possibly represent a complex symbol for warmth and comfort. In fact it could resemble new life. The stuffed animal that Dominic Monaghan gave Megan Fox is even seen set aflame as the couple goes their separate ways. The video ends with the couple lying in bed in the same exact spot where the video started, as if the whole thing were a dream. The context of the artifact is located within social arrangements. This popular song and music video is a form of entertainment. The song is used to target a specific social niche in order to generate revenue and become a success within its boundaries. If this song did not appeal to any social networks then it would not serve its purpose of selling CDs to generate revenue and publicize the artists. The fact that two celebrities (Eminem Rihanna) have collaborated together helps them reach out to publicize themselves as well as combine their social networks together. The artifact is not used within political means or economic arrangements. This is a great artifact to analyze because symbolic convergence is blatantly evident and people can easily share similar fantasy themes that create rhetorical visions. â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† constitutes evidence of symbolic convergence theory because it incorporates themes the rhetor knows will resonate with the audience. Another reason why this is a great artifact to evaluate is because of the popularity and controversy of this song. Millions of people hear this song each and every day and have not even thought about evaluating it in terms of rhetorical theories and criticisms. Theoretical and Methodological Framework Fantasy theme analysis is based upon the theory of symbolic convergence, which has two major assumptions: (1) reality is created through communication and (2) individual interpretations of symbols can converge and create a shared reality for those involved (Foss, 2009). This happens in a social context in which individual worlds and interpretations converge, resulting in a shared reality for those involved. Sonja K. Foss (1996) in her textbook, Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice, quotes Bormann as stating: â€Å"If several or many people develop portions of their private symbolic worlds that overlap as a result of symbolic convergence, they share a common consciousness and have the basis for communicating with one another to create community, to discuss their common experiences, and to achieve mutual understanding. Symbolic convergence occurs when individuals have jointly experienced mutual interpretations with similar emotional responses. † Although the message in these encounters is important, the act of sharing the message is the critical issue in these incidents. The basic unit of analysis of symbolic convergence is the fantasy theme. The fantasy is defined as a creative and imaginative interpretation of an event that makes it credible or believable to the participant, or rather the means through which interpretation is accomplished in communication. Bormann (1972) states in his article Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Reality that participants in a fantasy theme are interested in the personal satisfaction found and are not troubled by contradictory details or evidence that might exist within the communication. As the participants participate in the story, similar emotions and interpretations will be present among the members of the group. The fantasy theme then becomes the groups experience and results in a shared reality for the participants (Griffin 1997). There are three types of fantasy themes included in Bormanns theory: (1) setting themes, which name the scene of an action, (2) character themes which describe agents or actors in the drama, assign motives to them and portray them as having certain characteristics, and (3) action themes which are the plot lines in which the characters engage. (Foss, 1996) The next level in analysis is observing fantasy types within a community. A fantasy type is a repeated fantasy theme that includes similar scenes, characters, and plots that are shared by the members of a community. Griffin (1997) observes that most fantasies do not chain out but rather fall on deaf ears, but that chaining out occurs when people catch on to a fantasy theme and then continue to spread the theme which then feeds into the overall rhetorical vision or a unified putting together of various shared fantasies. When a fantasy type is developed the rhetors involved are able to give a general story and the audience is able to fill in the details of the entire scenario. Included in the rhetorical vision of a community one will find fantasy themes which share the values, practices, heroes, and villains within the rhetorical group. Actions that make little sense to someone outside the rhetorical vision make perfect sense within the context of the group involved (Griffin 1997). Fantasy theme method suggests that the individual and collective dramatizations of a groups goals, scope, and activitiesthe groups conceptualized reality, or fantasy themecan be used to study social movements. Based on the notion of fantasizing in small groups, this analytic approach provides a method of discovering how communication creates social realities for groups of people (Foss, 1997). Fantasy theme analysis, as Bormann (1972) structured it, provides unique insight into the mentality and worldview of social groups. Foss (2004) summarizes the theory of symbolic convergence as a reference to the way narratives invite audiences to identify with the characters by using commonly established themes that the audience will immediately respond to as a cue to aid understanding. Bormann designed this method to help explain how common symbols and values are developed through group communication. Methodological Framework Fantasy theme criticism consists of four steps: 1. Select an artifact 2. Analyzing the artifact . Formulating a research question 4. Writing the essay Analyzing the artifact consists of two steps: 1. Coding the artifact for setting, characters, and action themes 2. Constructing the rhetorical visions from the fantasy theme a. Theme—Patterns b. Major and Minor—Frequency and Intensity Coding consists of settings, characters, actions, and character t heme codes. I will analyze the three main fantasy themes used in the song: violence, drugs/alcohol and deception. These three powerful pieces of the song all show different ways that American’s youth can be influenced purely through a rhetorical framing of issues. At one point or another, these themes will have to be dealt with in the life process of today’s youth. Analyzing how these themes function within the song will illustrate certain subliminal messages and influential factors that affect America’s youth. I will follow three of Bormann’s steps to complete my analysis. During fantasy theme analysis I must look for patterns within the song—based on frequency and intensity. Symbolic convergence frames the theory that communication creates reality. As for reality, it is not only created for individuals but also groups; sharing that sense of reality. The first step is to situate the song within the network of America’s youth. The second step is to examine the song for evidence of symbolic convergence and the fantasy themes used to perpetuate the subliminal messages and possible interpretations that remain transparent. The final step is to present the rhetorical vision America’s youth can create and be influenced by. These steps will complete my analysis of Eminem and Rihanna’s â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† in order to further understand how America’s youth is being influenced by hip hop culture in today’s society. Analysis Descriptive Analysis Descriptive analyses involve direct observation of behavior and environmental events in naturalistic contexts. Research in descriptive analysis has focused on a variety of areas including descriptions of naturalistic observations of behavior and environmental events, integration of descriptive and functional analyses, comparisons of outcomes from descriptive and functional analysis, and quantitative analyses of behavior and environmental events (Sloman 2010). Using Campbell’s seven elements of rhetorical action I will delve into the descriptive analysis. The purpose, or central idea of â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† is to relate to potential listeners in an attempt to sell CDs and promote their music. One of the main goals of the song is to relate to listeners so the listeners will in turn admire the artist and become a fan of his/her music. Eminem wants us to believe that creating violence in his song and music video is acceptable and/or ‘cool. ’ One lyric that represents this statement reads: â€Å"†¦ it’s a steel knife in my wind pipe I can’t breathe but I still fight while I can fight. The target audiences that Eminem and Rihanna are reaching out to are limited to none. Anyone that can listen and enjoy music is a target audience. On the other hand, those affected by the vulgar lyrics are none other than America’s youth! One aspect of growing up is finding out who you really are and what you like to do. At the ages of 13-18 I feel like you are more prone to adopt values and ideas that yo u see in the everyday media. Prospective audience members or listeners are asked to adopt these violent actions into their lifestyles. Eminem is personified in the song as a dead beat cheating boyfriend that has nothing going for him. Why would anyone want to adopt that persona? The tone of the song is depressing. The lyrics are dramatic and loaded with violent verbiage and deceitful actions. Eminem’s attitude towards the audience is somewhat as a peer and a superior. Eminem is viewed as a peer because he is trying to relate his music to the audience without turning them off or leaving anyone out. At the same thing, Eminem is seen as authoritative because he hints to the audience that what he saying he has already done before. An example of Eminem’s authoritative behavior in his lyrics would be: â€Å"I can’t tell you what it really is, I can only tell you what it feels like† in this he is already stating that he has performed these actions. The structure of the song dwells on relationships people have with one another. Eminem gains attention by introducing his perspective and by the use of vivid figurative analogies. Eminem tries to create a shared reality with the audience by use of similar past relationships. If one person has had a rough relationship in the past, they will automatically become more susceptible to liking the song and its ontents. The song is also chronologically structured, starting with the young couple in the bed, and develops as they fight over time. Eminem himself is supporting materials for the themes he portrays in his song. He is notorious for his rough divorce with ex-wife Kimberly Mathers. Rihanna is also known for her tragic experience with abusive boyfrie nd Chris Brown. Strategies used to capture listeners include a catchy chorus as well as clever bold lyrics. Eminem alludes to a previously dramatic relationship when he states: â€Å"I’m superman with the wind at his back, she’s Lois Lane. This strategy is set up so that anyone who previously watched superman can easily create a shared reality and relate to the song. Critical Analysis In following three of Bormann’s steps to complete my analysis, many patterns of drugs/alcohol, violence and deception are drawn throughout the song. Symbolic convergence frames the theory that communication creates reality. The reality Eminem creates through his lyrics and seen in the music video is a perception for America’s youth to view. One filled with alcohol abuse, drugs, violence and lies. The song is already situated within the media network of America’s youth. Subliminal messages perpetuated here include those of alcohol abuse, lies and deceit and acts of violence been seen as acceptable. My rhetorical vision states that people do not need to lie, consume drugs or alcohol or be violent towards one another in order to be successful. Eminem Rihanna’s â€Å"Love the Way You Lie† contains three fantasy themes that are significant to the overall rhetoric to this song. The three themes are categorized as drugs/alcohol, violence and deception. As I immersed myself and scored through the lyrics of the song, some of the single worded (action themes) that helped me select these fantasy themes include: burn, cry, lie, fight, high, drunk, huffin’ paint, suffer, suffocate, hate, running, insane, laid hands, stoop, barley breathe, hit em, sick, spit em, throw em down, rage, separate ways, broken records, leave, fall back, temper, blinded, crazy, pissed, fist, apologize, liar and set this house on fire. As for the music video, certain actions took place to help me narrow down my fantasy themes. These actions include: fighting, spitting in face, walking out, punch, drinking alcohol, stealing, yelling, shaking, hitting and burning. Setting themes include the house in the music video, the liquor store and the bar. Characters involved are Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox’s character as well as Rihanna and Eminem referencing â€Å"I† and â€Å"You† throughout the lyrics. Violence In terms of violence, the vulgarity of the lyrics emulate to America’s youth that those specific actions and words are acceptable. It is not necessary for 13 year old children to hear lyrics like â€Å"I’m a tie her to the bed and set this house on fire. I feel that having a strong family background is crucial for children in terms of being raised more level headed but statements like that are just unnecessary. The intensity of the violence in the music video is harsh. At one point in the video Megan Fox spits in Dominic Monaghan’s face. Again, this is not accept able behavior and should not be exemplified. Professional athletes are fined thousands of dollars for spitting in an opponent’s face but this music video makes it seem like it’s a regular occurrence. The frequencies of violent words in the lyrics are very high as well as intense. There are multiple clips in the music video where the couple physically assaults one another. The more America’s youth sees this behavior as acceptable, the more likely it will be duplicated. Drugs Alcohol Eminem’s reference to drugs and alcohol is salient in the lyrics as well as the music video. In the music video Dominic Monaghan goes as far as to steal a bottle of liquor from the store; shortly after he is seen rekindling his relationship with Megan Fox. This chain of events makes it seem like alcohol is the remedy for life’s problems. I only wish this was true! Fortunately I’ve reached an age where I can decipher good and bad choices when a problem arises, as for 14 year olds, not so much. The music video is creating a reality in America’s youth that depicts the consumption and abuse of alcohol as acceptable. Recent test results support the predictions that the relationship between media exposure and alcohol use was mediated by peer norms and positive expectancies and that the relationship was partially moderated by language preference (Jeong Hecht, 2010). Other references in Eminem’s lyrics relate to inhaling household products which is terrible for the overall health human body. The lyrics read â€Å"High off her love, drunk from my hate, it’s like I’m huffin’ paint. † Deception The song references to lying nine times before coming to an end. With the song being approximately 4 minutes and 30 seconds long, that means on average they are referencing to lying every 30 seconds. That’s a lot of lying! The devious behavior Dominic Monaghan’s character partakes in by having a random phone number written on his hand should not be idealized on how to act in any relationship. This behavior may cause insecurities to arise in young women about their own boyfriends. The fact that Dominic Monaghan was out hitting on girls makes other women question if their significant other is doing the same exact thing. Not only does it make women appear unsecure about their relationship, but makes males seem like a distrustful partner. People should not strive for these feelings or negative attributes but they are being casted on upon the youth of America. Implications, Discussion, and Limitations Young adulthood is a very important time in someone’s life. Decisions are made that can benefit or destroy the rest of that person’s life. Why would we want the backbone of America to be exposed to violence, drugs and alcohol? I don’t know. As many others have said in the past, communication creates reality. This Eminem and Rihanna song communicates a fictional reality to the youth of America. It baffles me that a child could simply turn on the television and be exposed to the violence portrayed in this video. One limitation I encountered was that I only had 13 weeks to research the song, fantasy theme criticism, symbolic convergence theory and write the paper. The fact that I only had 13 weeks to write the paper gave me limited access to information on the topic. Another limitation I encountered was the use of only one rhetorical methodology. I understand that there is a part II of the song and would like to have the time to research that as well. I believe Fantasy theme is a great method for researching this song. On the overhand if I were to do it over again I would probably choose narrative criticism. There are serious social implications that may come about due to the content of this song. Implications for shoplifting, underage drinking and drug use are bound by imprisonment in the United States. I for sure wouldn’t want my child to be viewing this video on television. For future esearch I would recommend narrative or fantasy criticism and would definitely include part II of the song. As for the larger issue I’m concerned, it’s the wellbeing of the United States of America. References Bormann, E. (1972). Fantasy and rhetorical vision: The rhetorical criticism of social reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58, 396-407. Retrieved April 3, 2010, from Academic Search Premier database. Foss, S. (2004). Rhetorical criticism: Exploration and practice (3rd ed). Waveland press, Long Grove. Littlejohn, S. W. (2002). Symbolic convergence theory. In Cavanaugh, D. (Ed. ) Theories of Human Communication (pp. 57-159). New Mexico: Wadsworth Group. Pineda, R. , Sowards, S. (2007). Flag waving as rhetorical argument: 2006 immigration demonstrations and cultural citizenship. Argumentation Advocacy, 43(3/4), 164-174. Retrieved April 1, 2010, from Communication Mass Media Complete database. Bormann, Ernest G. (1972). Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58, 396-407. Foss, S. K. (1996). Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration Practice. (2nd ed. ). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland. Griffin, EM (1997). A First Loo k at Communication Theory. (3rd ed. ). NY: McGraw-Hill. Rhetorical Theory Essay Example Rhetorical Theory Essay Fantasy Theme Criticism Fantasy Theme Criticism: Symbolic Convergence Theory â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† COMM 311 Introduction Hip-hop and rap as a whole tend to be lumped together as bad for society, or the dragging down of American culture. The debate on the influence of music effecting the actions of America’s youth has remained salient for decades. The upcoming genre of ‘Rap’ or ‘Hip-Hop’ in recent years has sparked controversy because of the references to violence and sex portrayed in many song lyrics. Not only has the issues of drugs and crime been associated with hip hop, but the diminishing perception of women in our society has also been attributed to hip hop. It seems that rap is an easy scapegoat for the American population to ‘point the finger at. ’ Why is Hip-Hop important? No music is more important than the next. As soon as a genre starts portraying itself as something other than the simple concept of musical notes vibrating off the eardrums of listeners, it loses its focus and main purpose – to entertain. Political messages and social responsibility measures have always been visible in musical lyrics, examples such as R. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer E. M. and U2 as well as countless other bands have done it for years. Hip-Hop has become big business and anything that is marketable affects society one way or another. Hip-Hop also affects society on many different levels and it is inclusive of all people. The media attention that Hip-Hop gets gives meaning to the fact that people are able to see a side of a particular Hip-Hop artist and then the artist is then displayed as a more human element. Younger generations must understand the biases and politics involved with the generalizations of Hip-Hop. The music we listen to and the videos we watch are just like reading a fashion magazine. A perfect example is if we see beautiful women in certain clothes then we may want those clothes. When someone sees a Hip-Hop artist or rapper on televisions that is clearly successful, actions may be taken to duplicate behavior portrayed by that artist, in turn hoping to emulate success similar to that artist. Why is the Eminem song featuring Rihanna important? Eminem is one of a kind! He is the only white rapper to emerge and remain successful while opening the ears of a different audience—young Caucasian males. Barriers are broken down when people from different backgrounds can share common interest at shows and on the internet and Eminem has done an exceptional job at doing so. Eminem was ranked 79th on the VH1 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time. He was also ranked 82nd on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was named the Best Rapper Alive by Vibe magazine in 2008. Eminem has achieved nine No. 1 albums on the Billboard Top 200. Eminem also has had 13 number one singles worldwide. In December 2009, Eminem was even named the Artist of the Decade by Billboard magazine. Are these credentials not enough for you? Let’s take a look at Rihanna she has achieved eight number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 since first appearing on the chart on June 11, 2005. As of July 23, 2010, Rihanna has sold approximately 5,563,000 album units in the US alone. She has received several accolades, including the 2007 World Music Awards for Worlds Best-Selling Pop Female Artist and Female Entertainer of the Year, as well as the 2008 American Music Awards for Favorite Soul/RB Female Artist and Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist. She serves as one of Barbadoss honorary cultural ambassadors. In January 2010, Rihanna received two Grammy Awards for Jay-Zs 2009 single Run This Town. † These two celebrities are huge public figures! As for Rihanna, she appeals to a different demographic, the young African American female. With the combination of these two audiences, they amass to a huge portion of the American youth. Influencing the youth of American is monumental to the outcome of the Country as a whole. The youth of America is the backbone of our Nation. In theory, the influence we have on our youth can be set as a precursor for generations to come. The decisions made by the youth in any country will ultimately unravel actions and future ideas yet to come. For my analysis, I will examine possible subliminal messages and interpretations of Eminem and Rihanna’s song, â€Å"Love the Way You Lie,† specifically directed to the youth of America. I will show how this song is not solely comprised of vocals, lyrics and a music video, but a rhetorical action. The rhetoric involved perpetuates the desired symbolism and themes to reconstruct public opinion influencing the youth of America. By analyzing the lyrics and music video, I will reveal the connection between the subliminal messages and possible interpretations present in the artifact and their influence on the youth of America. Description of the Artifact The artifact I have chosen to depict is Eminem and Rihanna’s â€Å"Love the Way You Lie. † This is a very popular song racking up 338,000 downloads online in its first week. The music video of the song became an online phenomenon, gaining 6. 6 million hits in its first 24 hours on VEVO, and 18 million views in five days. It broke a YouTube record for having the most views in 24 hours. By November 2010, the video had received over 200 million views. Eminem and Rihanna’s song â€Å"Love the Way You Lie† depict the relationship of a troubled young couple. This video produced by Joseph Kahn portrays the ups and downs that some couples must endure to make their relationship work. Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox portray the relationship of a young couple in the song’s music video. The music video starts with the young couple sleeping together in bed. From that point on, Megan Fox notices a phone number on her significant others hand. The idea that she is being taken advantage of enters her mind. That notion sparks controversy and the couple begins to fight. The scene becomes heated and even reaches the point where the couple physical assault and spit in the faces of one another. Both parties in the couple become easily agitated with one another as they continue to assault and randomly hook up and make out. Both the Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox are seen alone pondering as if they are deciding what to do or what will become of their relationship. Megan Fox expresses her emotions by crying to herself, on the other hand Dominic Monaghan is seen drinking in the bar to vent the way he feels in regards to his current situation. Things take a more optimistic stance as the couple tries to rekindle lost trusts. Dominic Monaghan is seen giving Megan Fox a stuffed animal that represents his love for her and shows that he continues to care about her. Dominic Monaghan blatantly steals a bottle of vodka from a liquor store. They are seen getting along on top of a building as they consume vodka together. Alcohol is helping the couple temporary fix their irritations of each other, yet they have much bigger problems. Dominic Monaghan is seen taking his aggression out in the bar as he physically attacks other bystander attempting to communicate with Megan Fox. The couple is then seen gazing into each other’s eyes, smiling but unsure of what to do. Megan Fox is then seen walking out of the house resembling her leaving Dominic Monaghan. As the video continues Dominic Monaghan is seen physically assaulting Megan Fox yet again. The house is set in flames in the backdrop; this resembles the previous chaos and end of their relationship. Fire burns everything, bringing nothing but physical ruin. On the other hand, with the end of one good thing starts the beginning of another. In theory the fire could possibly represent a complex symbol for warmth and comfort. In fact it could resemble new life. The stuffed animal that Dominic Monaghan gave Megan Fox is even seen set aflame as the couple goes their separate ways. The video ends with the couple lying in bed in the same exact spot where the video started, as if the whole thing were a dream. The context of the artifact is located within social arrangements. This popular song and music video is a form of entertainment. The song is used to target a specific social niche in order to generate revenue and become a success within its boundaries. If this song did not appeal to any social networks then it would not serve its purpose of selling CDs to generate revenue and publicize the artists. The fact that two celebrities (Eminem Rihanna) have collaborated together helps them reach out to publicize themselves as well as combine their social networks together. The artifact is not used within political means or economic arrangements. This is a great artifact to analyze because symbolic convergence is blatantly evident and people can easily share similar fantasy themes that create rhetorical visions. â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† constitutes evidence of symbolic convergence theory because it incorporates themes the rhetor knows will resonate with the audience. Another reason why this is a great artifact to evaluate is because of the popularity and controversy of this song. Millions of people hear this song each and every day and have not even thought about evaluating it in terms of rhetorical theories and criticisms. Theoretical and Methodological Framework Fantasy theme analysis is based upon the theory of symbolic convergence, which has two major assumptions: (1) reality is created through communication and (2) individual interpretations of symbols can converge and create a shared reality for those involved (Foss, 2009). This happens in a social context in which individual worlds and interpretations converge, resulting in a shared reality for those involved. Sonja K. Foss (1996) in her textbook, Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice, quotes Bormann as stating: â€Å"If several or many people develop portions of their private symbolic worlds that overlap as a result of symbolic convergence, they share a common consciousness and have the basis for communicating with one another to create community, to discuss their common experiences, and to achieve mutual understanding. Symbolic convergence occurs when individuals have jointly experienced mutual interpretations with similar emotional responses. † Although the message in these encounters is important, the act of sharing the message is the critical issue in these incidents. The basic unit of analysis of symbolic convergence is the fantasy theme. The fantasy is defined as a creative and imaginative interpretation of an event that makes it credible or believable to the participant, or rather the means through which interpretation is accomplished in communication. Bormann (1972) states in his article Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Reality that participants in a fantasy theme are interested in the personal satisfaction found and are not troubled by contradictory details or evidence that might exist within the communication. As the participants participate in the story, similar emotions and interpretations will be present among the members of the group. The fantasy theme then becomes the groups experience and results in a shared reality for the participants (Griffin 1997). There are three types of fantasy themes included in Bormanns theory: (1) setting themes, which name the scene of an action, (2) character themes which describe agents or actors in the drama, assign motives to them and portray them as having certain characteristics, and (3) action themes which are the plot lines in which the characters engage. (Foss, 1996) The next level in analysis is observing fantasy types within a community. A fantasy type is a repeated fantasy theme that includes similar scenes, characters, and plots that are shared by the members of a community. Griffin (1997) observes that most fantasies do not chain out but rather fall on deaf ears, but that chaining out occurs when people catch on to a fantasy theme and then continue to spread the theme which then feeds into the overall rhetorical vision or a unified putting together of various shared fantasies. When a fantasy type is developed the rhetors involved are able to give a general story and the audience is able to fill in the details of the entire scenario. Included in the rhetorical vision of a community one will find fantasy themes which share the values, practices, heroes, and villains within the rhetorical group. Actions that make little sense to someone outside the rhetorical vision make perfect sense within the context of the group involved (Griffin 1997). Fantasy theme method suggests that the individual and collective dramatizations of a groups goals, scope, and activitiesthe groups conceptualized reality, or fantasy themecan be used to study social movements. Based on the notion of fantasizing in small groups, this analytic approach provides a method of discovering how communication creates social realities for groups of people (Foss, 1997). Fantasy theme analysis, as Bormann (1972) structured it, provides unique insight into the mentality and worldview of social groups. Foss (2004) summarizes the theory of symbolic convergence as a reference to the way narratives invite audiences to identify with the characters by using commonly established themes that the audience will immediately respond to as a cue to aid understanding. Bormann designed this method to help explain how common symbols and values are developed through group communication. Methodological Framework Fantasy theme criticism consists of four steps: 1. Select an artifact 2. Analyzing the artifact . Formulating a research question 4. Writing the essay Analyzing the artifact consists of two steps: 1. Coding the artifact for setting, characters, and action themes 2. Constructing the rhetorical visions from the fantasy theme a. Theme—Patterns b. Major and Minor—Frequency and Intensity Coding consists of settings, characters, actions, and character t heme codes. I will analyze the three main fantasy themes used in the song: violence, drugs/alcohol and deception. These three powerful pieces of the song all show different ways that American’s youth can be influenced purely through a rhetorical framing of issues. At one point or another, these themes will have to be dealt with in the life process of today’s youth. Analyzing how these themes function within the song will illustrate certain subliminal messages and influential factors that affect America’s youth. I will follow three of Bormann’s steps to complete my analysis. During fantasy theme analysis I must look for patterns within the song—based on frequency and intensity. Symbolic convergence frames the theory that communication creates reality. As for reality, it is not only created for individuals but also groups; sharing that sense of reality. The first step is to situate the song within the network of America’s youth. The second step is to examine the song for evidence of symbolic convergence and the fantasy themes used to perpetuate the subliminal messages and possible interpretations that remain transparent. The final step is to present the rhetorical vision America’s youth can create and be influenced by. These steps will complete my analysis of Eminem and Rihanna’s â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† in order to further understand how America’s youth is being influenced by hip hop culture in today’s society. Analysis Descriptive Analysis Descriptive analyses involve direct observation of behavior and environmental events in naturalistic contexts. Research in descriptive analysis has focused on a variety of areas including descriptions of naturalistic observations of behavior and environmental events, integration of descriptive and functional analyses, comparisons of outcomes from descriptive and functional analysis, and quantitative analyses of behavior and environmental events (Sloman 2010). Using Campbell’s seven elements of rhetorical action I will delve into the descriptive analysis. The purpose, or central idea of â€Å"Love The Way You Lie† is to relate to potential listeners in an attempt to sell CDs and promote their music. One of the main goals of the song is to relate to listeners so the listeners will in turn admire the artist and become a fan of his/her music. Eminem wants us to believe that creating violence in his song and music video is acceptable and/or ‘cool. ’ One lyric that represents this statement reads: â€Å"†¦ it’s a steel knife in my wind pipe I can’t breathe but I still fight while I can fight. The target audiences that Eminem and Rihanna are reaching out to are limited to none. Anyone that can listen and enjoy music is a target audience. On the other hand, those affected by the vulgar lyrics are none other than America’s youth! One aspect of growing up is finding out who you really are and what you like to do. At the ages of 13-18 I feel like you are more prone to adopt values and ideas that yo u see in the everyday media. Prospective audience members or listeners are asked to adopt these violent actions into their lifestyles. Eminem is personified in the song as a dead beat cheating boyfriend that has nothing going for him. Why would anyone want to adopt that persona? The tone of the song is depressing. The lyrics are dramatic and loaded with violent verbiage and deceitful actions. Eminem’s attitude towards the audience is somewhat as a peer and a superior. Eminem is viewed as a peer because he is trying to relate his music to the audience without turning them off or leaving anyone out. At the same thing, Eminem is seen as authoritative because he hints to the audience that what he saying he has already done before. An example of Eminem’s authoritative behavior in his lyrics would be: â€Å"I can’t tell you what it really is, I can only tell you what it feels like† in this he is already stating that he has performed these actions. The structure of the song dwells on relationships people have with one another. Eminem gains attention by introducing his perspective and by the use of vivid figurative analogies. Eminem tries to create a shared reality with the audience by use of similar past relationships. If one person has had a rough relationship in the past, they will automatically become more susceptible to liking the song and its ontents. The song is also chronologically structured, starting with the young couple in the bed, and develops as they fight over time. Eminem himself is supporting materials for the themes he portrays in his song. He is notorious for his rough divorce with ex-wife Kimberly Mathers. Rihanna is also known for her tragic experience with abusive boyfrie nd Chris Brown. Strategies used to capture listeners include a catchy chorus as well as clever bold lyrics. Eminem alludes to a previously dramatic relationship when he states: â€Å"I’m superman with the wind at his back, she’s Lois Lane. This strategy is set up so that anyone who previously watched superman can easily create a shared reality and relate to the song. Critical Analysis In following three of Bormann’s steps to complete my analysis, many patterns of drugs/alcohol, violence and deception are drawn throughout the song. Symbolic convergence frames the theory that communication creates reality. The reality Eminem creates through his lyrics and seen in the music video is a perception for America’s youth to view. One filled with alcohol abuse, drugs, violence and lies. The song is already situated within the media network of America’s youth. Subliminal messages perpetuated here include those of alcohol abuse, lies and deceit and acts of violence been seen as acceptable. My rhetorical vision states that people do not need to lie, consume drugs or alcohol or be violent towards one another in order to be successful. Eminem Rihanna’s â€Å"Love the Way You Lie† contains three fantasy themes that are significant to the overall rhetoric to this song. The three themes are categorized as drugs/alcohol, violence and deception. As I immersed myself and scored through the lyrics of the song, some of the single worded (action themes) that helped me select these fantasy themes include: burn, cry, lie, fight, high, drunk, huffin’ paint, suffer, suffocate, hate, running, insane, laid hands, stoop, barley breathe, hit em, sick, spit em, throw em down, rage, separate ways, broken records, leave, fall back, temper, blinded, crazy, pissed, fist, apologize, liar and set this house on fire. As for the music video, certain actions took place to help me narrow down my fantasy themes. These actions include: fighting, spitting in face, walking out, punch, drinking alcohol, stealing, yelling, shaking, hitting and burning. Setting themes include the house in the music video, the liquor store and the bar. Characters involved are Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox’s character as well as Rihanna and Eminem referencing â€Å"I† and â€Å"You† throughout the lyrics. Violence In terms of violence, the vulgarity of the lyrics emulate to America’s youth that those specific actions and words are acceptable. It is not necessary for 13 year old children to hear lyrics like â€Å"I’m a tie her to the bed and set this house on fire. I feel that having a strong family background is crucial for children in terms of being raised more level headed but statements like that are just unnecessary. The intensity of the violence in the music video is harsh. At one point in the video Megan Fox spits in Dominic Monaghan’s face. Again, this is not accept able behavior and should not be exemplified. Professional athletes are fined thousands of dollars for spitting in an opponent’s face but this music video makes it seem like it’s a regular occurrence. The frequencies of violent words in the lyrics are very high as well as intense. There are multiple clips in the music video where the couple physically assaults one another. The more America’s youth sees this behavior as acceptable, the more likely it will be duplicated. Drugs Alcohol Eminem’s reference to drugs and alcohol is salient in the lyrics as well as the music video. In the music video Dominic Monaghan goes as far as to steal a bottle of liquor from the store; shortly after he is seen rekindling his relationship with Megan Fox. This chain of events makes it seem like alcohol is the remedy for life’s problems. I only wish this was true! Fortunately I’ve reached an age where I can decipher good and bad choices when a problem arises, as for 14 year olds, not so much. The music video is creating a reality in America’s youth that depicts the consumption and abuse of alcohol as acceptable. Recent test results support the predictions that the relationship between media exposure and alcohol use was mediated by peer norms and positive expectancies and that the relationship was partially moderated by language preference (Jeong Hecht, 2010). Other references in Eminem’s lyrics relate to inhaling household products which is terrible for the overall health human body. The lyrics read â€Å"High off her love, drunk from my hate, it’s like I’m huffin’ paint. † Deception The song references to lying nine times before coming to an end. With the song being approximately 4 minutes and 30 seconds long, that means on average they are referencing to lying every 30 seconds. That’s a lot of lying! The devious behavior Dominic Monaghan’s character partakes in by having a random phone number written on his hand should not be idealized on how to act in any relationship. This behavior may cause insecurities to arise in young women about their own boyfriends. The fact that Dominic Monaghan was out hitting on girls makes other women question if their significant other is doing the same exact thing. Not only does it make women appear unsecure about their relationship, but makes males seem like a distrustful partner. People should not strive for these feelings or negative attributes but they are being casted on upon the youth of America. Implications, Discussion, and Limitations Young adulthood is a very important time in someone’s life. Decisions are made that can benefit or destroy the rest of that person’s life. Why would we want the backbone of America to be exposed to violence, drugs and alcohol? I don’t know. As many others have said in the past, communication creates reality. This Eminem and Rihanna song communicates a fictional reality to the youth of America. It baffles me that a child could simply turn on the television and be exposed to the violence portrayed in this video. One limitation I encountered was that I only had 13 weeks to research the song, fantasy theme criticism, symbolic convergence theory and write the paper. The fact that I only had 13 weeks to write the paper gave me limited access to information on the topic. Another limitation I encountered was the use of only one rhetorical methodology. I understand that there is a part II of the song and would like to have the time to research that as well. I believe Fantasy theme is a great method for researching this song. On the overhand if I were to do it over again I would probably choose narrative criticism. There are serious social implications that may come about due to the content of this song. Implications for shoplifting, underage drinking and drug use are bound by imprisonment in the United States. I for sure wouldn’t want my child to be viewing this video on television. For future esearch I would recommend narrative or fantasy criticism and would definitely include part II of the song. As for the larger issue I’m concerned, it’s the wellbeing of the United States of America. References Bormann, E. (1972). Fantasy and rhetorical vision: The rhetorical criticism of social reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58, 396-407. Retrieved April 3, 2010, from Academic Search Premier database. Foss, S. (2004). Rhetorical criticism: Exploration and practice (3rd ed). Waveland press, Long Grove. Littlejohn, S. W. (2002). Symbolic convergence theory. In Cavanaugh, D. (Ed. ) Theories of Human Communication (pp. 57-159). New Mexico: Wadsworth Group. Pineda, R. , Sowards, S. (2007). Flag waving as rhetorical argument: 2006 immigration demonstrations and cultural citizenship. Argumentation Advocacy, 43(3/4), 164-174. Retrieved April 1, 2010, from Communication Mass Media Complete database. Bormann, Ernest G. (1972). Fantasy and Rhetorical Vision: The Rhetorical Criticism of Social Reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58, 396-407. Foss, S. K. (1996). Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration Practice. (2nd ed. ). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland. Griffin, EM (1997). A First Loo k at Communication Theory. (3rd ed. ). NY: McGraw-Hill.